Lo'is (Awic, perh. agi-eeable), the grandmother of Timothy, not by the side of his father, who was a Greek, but by that of his mother. Hence the Syriac has ''thy mother's mother." She is commended by the apostle I'aul for her faith (2 Tim. i, 5 ) ; for, although she might not have known that the Christ had come, and that .Je- sus of Nazareth was he, she yet believed in the jMessiah to come, and died in that faith. Ante A.D. 64. See Timothy.
Loki or Loke, in Scandinavian mytlujlogy, is the princi|)le of evil, an impious, mischievous wretch, au- thor of all intrigue, vice, and crime; father of the most abominable monsters, of the wolf Fenris. the midgard snake, and Hela (blue Hel ), the goddess of death ; the "spirit of evil," as it were, mingling freely with, yet essentially opposed to the other inhabitants of the Norse heaven, very much like the Satan of the book of Job. He is called the son of the giant Farbante, and is mar- ried to the giantess Angerbode. Sometimes he is called A S(t-Loki, to distinguish him from Utgarda-Loki, a king of the giants, whose kingdom lies on the uttermost bounds of the eiirth ; but these two are occasionally con- founded. It is quite natural, considering the character of Loki, that at a later period he should have become identified with the devil of Christianity, who is called in Norway to the present day Laakr. See Yollmer, J/y- tkol. Wurterb. s. v.; Chambers, Cyclop, s. v.; Weiuhold,
Die Sagen v. Loki in Hanpt, Zeiischrift fur deutsches Alterth. vol. vii; Thorpe, North. Mythol. vol. i (see In- dex) ; and the excellent article in Thomas, Biogr. and Mythol. Diet. (Phila. 1872), s. v.
IiOkman is represented in the Koran and by later Arabian tradition as a celebrated jjhilosopher, contem- porary with David and Solomon, with whom he is said to have frequentl}' conversed. He was, we are told, an Arabian of the ancient tribe of Ad, or, according to an- other account, the king or chief of that tribe; and, when his tribe perished by the Seil el-Arim, he was preserved on account of his wisdom and piety. Other accounts, drawn mostly from Persian authorities, state that Lok- man was an Abyssinian slave, and noted for his personal deformity and ugliness, as for his wit and a peculiar tal- ent for composing moral fictions and short apologues. He was considered to be the author of the well-known collection of fables, in Arabic, which still exist under his name. There is some reason to suppose that Lok- man and /Esop were the same individual, and this view is of late gaining ground. See the excellent articles in the English Cyclop, s. v. ; Chambers, Cyclop, s. v. ; and Hammcr-Purgstall, Litcraturgesch. der Araher, i, 31 sq.
Lollards or Lol(l)hards, originally the name of a monastic society which arose at Antwerj) about 1300, and the me'mbers of wh.ich devoted themselves to the care of the sick and dying with pestilential disorders (see Cellites), was afterwards applied to those who, during the closing part of the 14th and a large part of the succeeding century, were credited with adhering to the religious views maintained by "\^'ickliffe (q. v.).
Origin of the Name, — Great diversity of opinion ex- ists among scholars on the origin of the name Lollard. Some have supposed that there existed a person of such a name in Germany, who, differing in many points from the Church of Rome, made converts to his peculiar doc- trines, and thus originated an independent sect about 1315 (see Gen. Biog. Diet. art. Lollard, Walter), and for this heretical step was burned alive at Cologne in 1322. It is more than probable, however, that this leader re- ceived his name from the sect than gave a name to it, just as in the Prognosticatio of Johannes Lychtenberger (a work very popular in Germany towards the close of the 15th century^ great weight is attached to the pre- dictions of one Reynard Lollard (Reynhardus Lolhardus), who was, no doubt, so called from the sect to which he belonged. Others believe that it was applied to the Cellites because of their practice of singing dirges at funerals — the Low-German word lollcn or lullen signi- fying to sing softly or slo\vly. Another derivation of the word is that which makes it an epithet of reproach. In papal bulls anil other documents it is used as synon- j-mous virtually with lollia, the tares commingled with the wheat of the Church. In this sense we meet with it (A.D. 1382) even before Wickliffes death. Still an- other suggestion comes from a correspondent of '• Notes and Queries" (March 27, 1852), who, quoting from a pas- sage of Heda's history, cites a statement to the effect that bishop Florentius de Wevelichoven "caused the bones of a certain Matthew LoUaert to be burned, and his ashes to be dispersed," etc. The correspondent re- marks that from a note on this passage, where reference is made to Prateolus and AValsingham, it is evident that Heda is speaking of the founder of the sect of the Lol- lards. The name Lollaert would, of course, indicate that the name of the English sect was derived from a Dutch heretic, buried at Utrecht, and well known in the neigh- boring region. With much more reason the origin of the word Lollard has been traced of late to the Latin lollardus, by a comparison of the Liter English iMllard with the old English loUer, used by Chaucer and Lange- land. Says Wliitaker (in his edition of Piers Ploiv- man, p. 154 sq.) : "Any reader of early English knows that Lollard is the late English spelling of the Latin lollardus. But what is lollardus? It is a Latin spell- ing of the old English lolle?; used by Chaucer and