Eight of the above mystical treatises are Xoyoi oKra, "equal to the number of the universal passions." A Latin version of all together was prepared by Joannes Picus (Paris, 15C3, 8vo ; later editions in Bibl. Pair.) ; a Greek version by Guillaume Morel, with the Antirrhetica of Hcsychius of Jerusalem (Par. 1563, 8vo). Both versions were reprinted in the first volume of the Aiictarium of Ducreus (Paris, 16-24, folio\ in the eleventh volume fif Biljl. Patrum (Paris, 1654, folio), and in the eighth vol- ume of the Bibl. Patrum of Galland. jNIarcus Eremita was probably the author also of the tract Utpi vr]rTrii- CQ, De Jejunio ; Latin version by Zinus (Venice, 1574. 8vo). Two of Marcus's tracts — tlie first and second.
viz. rXf/Di vojjov TTVivj.iaTiKoii, De Lege Spirituali, and Ylepl Twv olonivujv t^ tpyu)i' CtKaioi'cOai, Pejus quipv- tant se Opei'ibus justificari, were published together by Vincentius Opsopceus, with a Latin version (Haguenau, 1531, 8vo). The first was reprinted in the Micropres- byticon (Basle, 1550), and in the Orthodoxograplia (Basle, 1555). The tract De Jejunio, and another, De Jlelchi- zedek, were first published bj' B. INI. Remondinus (Rome, 1748). See Fabricius, Biblioth. Groeca, ix, 267 ; Cave, Ilistor. Litt. ad ann. 401, i, 372 ; Oudin, De Scriptor. Ec- cles. i, col. 902 sq. ; Tilleraont, Memoires, x, 801 ; Gal- land, Biblioth. Patrum, Proleg. ad viii, c. 1 ; Smith, Diet, of (Jr. and Pom. Biog. ami ifythol. s. v.; and especially Wagenmann, in Herzog, Real-Encyk. xx, 85-91. (G. M.)
Marcus Eugenicus, See Eugenicus.
Marcus of Gaza, the biographer of St. Porphyry of Gaza, lived in the 4th and 5th centuries ; was prob- ably a native of Proconsular Asia, whence he travelled to Palestine, there became acquainted with Porphyry, and then lived at Jerusalem some time before A.D. 393. Porphyry sent him to Thessalonica to dispose of his property in those parts, and after his return INIarcus ap- pears to have been the almost inseparable companion of Porphyrv', by whom he was ordained deacon, and sent (A.D. 398) to Constantinople to obtain of the emperor Arcadius an edict for destroying the heathen temples at Gaza. He obtained an edict to close, but not to destroy them. This, however, was not effectual for putting down heathenism ; and Porphyry went in person to Con- stantinople, taking Marcus with him, and they obtained an imperial edict for the destruction both of the idols and the temples of the heatlien. Marcus afterwards re- turned with Porphyry to Gaza, where he probably re- mained till his death, of which we have no account. He wrote the life of Porphyry, the original Greek text of which is said to be extant in MS. at Vienna ; it has never been published. A Latin version. Vita St. Por- phyrii Episcopi Gazensis, was published by Lipomanus in his VitcB Sanctonun ; by Surius, in his De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis ; and by the BoUandists, in the A eta Sanctorum Februar. iii, 643 sq., with a Commentarius Prtevius and notes by Henschenius. It is given also in the Bibliotheca Patrum of GaUand, ix, 259 sq. See Fa- bricius, Biblioth. Grceca, x, 316 ; Cave, Hist. IJtt. ad ann. 421, i, 403 ; Oudin, De Scriptor. Eccles. i, col. 999 ; Gal- land, PJibl. Patrum, Proleg. ad ix, c. 7 ; Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Biog. ami Mythol. s. v.
Marcus the HERESiARCir, sometimes called the Gnostic, a teacher of Gnosticism in the 2d century, thouglit by Jerome to be a native of Egypt; by Lard- ner, of Proconsular Asia ; and by Ncander, of Palestine. That Jerome's conjecture is correct, seems probable from the statement of Irenteus that IMarcus was a disciple of Valentinus. The followers of JMarcus were called ISIar- cosians. His peculiar tenets were founded on the Gnos- tic doctrine of neons; professing to derive his knowledge of these seons, and of the production of the universe, by a revelation from the fourjmmal emanations in the sys- tem of feons, who descended to him from the region of the ineffable and invisible in the form of a female. He set forth his system in a. poem, in which he introduced the divine ffion discoursing in liturgical forms, and with gorgeous symbols of worship. He prominently devel- oped in his system the idea of a Adyot; rov ovroc, of a word manifesting the hidden divine essence in the crea- tion— creation being a continuous utterance or becorning expressed of the ineffable. See IrenKus. A dr. Hccres. i, 8-18 ; Epiphanius, Ihrres. xxxiv, s. ut alii, xiv ; Tertul- lian, De Pr(escript, Hceret. c. 50 sq. ; id. Adr.Valent, c. 4 ; id. De Resurrect. Camis, c. 5 ; Theodoret, Hcere- ticarum Fabularum Compend. c. 9 ; Eusebius, //. E. iv, 11; V\\WsiS,lnns,De II cpj-esib. post Christum, c.\\\ Prte- destinatus, De Hceresib. i, 14 ; Augustin. De Hares, c. 15 ; Jerome, Comm. ad Isa. Ixiv, 4, 5 ; Ep. ad Theod. 29 ; Ittigius, De Haresiarchis, lect. ii, c. 6, § 4 ; Tillemont, Memoirs, ii, 29 1 ; Lardner, Hist, of Heretics, book ii, c. 7 ;
IMARCUS
740
MARECHAL
Neander, Ilixt. of the Christ. Ch. i, 440 ; Mosheim, Ec- cles. Hist, i, 147 ; Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Biog. and J/i/thol. s. v. See Makcosians ; Valentinians.
Marcus Tim Heretic (sometimes confounded with Makcis the Heresiarcti), a native of Memphis, in Egypt, flourished in the 4th century. He is said by Isidore of Seville, and Sulpicius Severus in Hist. Sacra, to have been a skilful magician — a Manichiean, perhaps personally a disciple of Manes, and the originator of the doctrine of the Priscillianists. See Priscillianists. He travelled to Spain, and is said to have disclosed his doctrines to Elpidius, a rhetorician, and to his wife Agape ; from them the doctrines were communicated to Priscillian (see Priscillian), who, by embodying them in systematic form and giving them spread, became the founder of the sect. — Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Biog. and Mythol. s. v. ; Neander, Ch. Hist, ii, 710.