2. An Israelite of the "sons" (residents) of Nebo, who divorced his Gentile wife after the Babylonian exile (Ezra X, 43). B.C. 459. He was possibly identical with No. 4.
3. The eldest son of Shallum, a Levite of the family of Korah, -who had charge of the baked offerings of the Temjile on the re-establishment after the exile (1 Chron. ix,31). B.C. cir. 440.
4. One of those (apparently chief Israelites) who supported Ezra on the right hand while reading the law to the people after the captivity (Neh. viii, 4) . B.C. cir. 410.
5. A person named in Luke iii, 26 as the son of Semei, among the maternal ancestors of Jesus; but as no such name appears in the i)arallel passages of the Old Test., and would licrc unduly protract the interval limited by otlier intimations of the generations, it is probably in- terpolated from No. 6. (See Strong's II arm. and Expos, of the Gospels, p. 16.)
6. The son of Amos and father of Joseph, among the maternal ancestry of Jesus after the close of tlie O.-Test. genealogy (Luke iii, 25). B.C. post 406.
Mattock, an old English name for an agricultural imi)lement like a pickaxe wiih a wide jioiiit. for grub- bing up and digging out roots and stones, is the render- ing adopted in the Auth. Vers, for three Hebrew words. ^!7"? {madei-', an instrument for dressing or pruning a vineyard ; occurs only in Isa. vii, 25) denotes a xcceding-
hook or hoe ; iTllJ'nri'2 (inachareshah' , 1 Sam. xiii, 20) and ri'd'nri'5 Qnachare'sheth, " share," 1 Sam. xiii, 20) are the names of two agricultural cutting instruments (for they were sharpened with a file), one of which is perhaps Vae 2>lough-share and the other tlie coulter (from D'^n, to scrape; but the plur. of both is nilli'^inp, ma- chareshoth', " mattocks," 1 Sam. xiii, 21). See Plough. a'nn {che'reb, 2 Chron. xxxiv, 6 ; elsewhere usually a " sword") signifies any sharp instrument, as a knife, dagger, chisel; and possibly a spade in the passage in question (marg. "maul"). The tool used in Arabia for loosening the ground, described by Niebuhr {Descr. de r Arabic, p. 137), answers generally to our mattock or grubbing-axe (Loudon, Encyclop. of Gardening, p. 617 ; Hasselquist, Trav. p. 100), i.e. a single-headed pickaxe, the sarculus simplex, as opposed to hicornis, of PaUadius {De Re Rust, i, 43). The ancient Egyptian hoe was of wood, and answered for hoe, spade, and pick. The blade was inserted in or through the handle, and the two were
Ancient Egyptian Hoes.
attached about the centre by a twisted rope. See Wil- kinson, Anc. Egypt, ii, 16, 18, abridgm. ; comp. Her. ii, 14. See Agricultuke.
Mattiriii, Charles Robert, an Irish divine, was born in 1782, and was educated at Trinity College, Dub- lin. Though popular as a pulpit orator, the income from his living — the curacy of St. Peter's, in the Irish metropolis — was inadequate to his support, and he turn- ed aside to secular literary enter] irises. He secured spe- cial distinction as a poet and dramatist. He died in 1825. ■ Says a contemporary, " The genius of Maturin was great, but it was not always under the control of a pure taste." He pul)lished a collection of his Sei'vions, ijesides many secular works, several of which were first brought out under the assumed name of Dennis Jasper Murphy.
Matutinal. See ISIatins.
Mauburne or Momboir, Jean, an ascetic Bel- gian author, was born at Brussels about 1460. After having studied grammar and music at the cathedral school of Utrecht, he Joined the regular canons of Jlont- Saint-Agnes, a famous monastery near Zwol). and was emiiloyed in different positions in the congregation of Windcsham. The pulilication of his first work, Rosetum Spirituale, gave I\Iauljume great renown, and induced Nicholas de Hacqueville, first president of the Parlia- ment of Paris, to invite him to France (1497), to reform the regidar canons of the kingdom. Mauburne gladly heeded the call, and restored order to the abbevs of Saint- Si'vcrin. of Cysoing. of Saint -Euvert d'Orleans, and of Saint-^Lirtin de Nevers ; but he attached him- self more particularly to that of Livri, of which he was
MAUDurr
903
MAULBRONN
elected prior (Nov., 1500), then regular abbot by the resignation of Nicholas de Hacqueville in liis favor (Jan., 1502). The zeal of Maiiburne was not confined to his own order ; he was interested in that of Benedict, and labored much for the reformation of the congrega- tion of Chezal, which served as a model to the houses of Saint- Vanne and Saint-lMaur. Taken ill in conse- quence of the fatigue caused by his religious labors, he was carried to Paris, and died there about the beginning of the yesLT 1503. lie included among his friends Saint- Francois de Paule, GeofFroi de Boussard, chancellor of Notre-Dame of Paris ; the bishop Louis Pinel, Pierre de Bruges, and probably Erasmus, who addressed several letters to him. His principal works are, Rosetum exer- cituum sjnritualium et sacrarum meditationum (Bale. 1491, et al.). "This book," says Gence, "is the first where some passages of the Imitation have been intro- duced and given under the name of Kempis :" — Venato- riuni investigatorium sanctorum canonici ordinis, a his- torical manuscript which appears to be an abridgment of that of Buschius, and in which Mauburne again attrib- utes to Kempis the book Qui sequitus me of the Imita- tion. We find in the ancient Gallia Christiana (t. vii, col. 281-282) two letters addressed to this priest by Eras- mus, and written at Paris. See Swurt, Athena Belf/ica, p. 447 ; Mastelyn, Necrol. Viridis Vallis, p. 121 ; Sander, BihUoth. Belgica ; Gallia C/i;-w?irt?i«, vii, 836-839 ; Mo- reri, Grand Diet. Hist. s. v. ; Paquot, Memoires, vol. iii. — Hoefer, N'ouv. Biog. Geneixde, s. v.