"/>. OoEANio.v.— The first Catholic mission in Oceanica was that of Messrs. Bachelot, Armand, and Short, of the
MISSIONS
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MISSIONS
' Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesas and Mary,' at the SaiuUvich Islands. Thev be-jun it in 1S-2G, and con- tinued it till Uicir cxiiiilsii.ii bv llu; frovornnieiit in lSS-2. Ill thefollDwiii/ X. II x:. H- :.|,n>inliru,-iv npi'iiiiitcd, aud
missions bc-uii - ' ■ , I iliili. .■iml, lor a si'cmd time,
al tbo .-aiidwi. i. I I !■■ -'■ nii.-imi.- arc diielly di- rected l)vi)rii.-.-i> oi ihi .-w. a ; y ul' I'icpry ami the Marists. Other stiitiDiis wi-ie biL'uii in Now Zealand, at Futuua, in the Marquesas, Nukahwa, and olsewliere. These mis- sions extended so rapidly that several new vicariates were formed; and, in sjiitc oV martyrdom, disease, and ship- wreclv, they are still advancini,'. Oteanica now contains 8 bishops, 10 vicariates, and 3ni) missionaries.
"A". Amkiiica.— 1. .•^jMuii'ili .!//.«/.;;(.<.— Missions were es- tablished in all Spaiii.-li Aiiifiiia, and <_'reat minibeis were converted, especially in Mcxiro and I'cni. wlu-re tlieir de- scendants arc still llic niaj.aity, niinixlcd with the Span- ish race. Even in Cuba the Spani.-li blood is much mixed with Indian bloml. 'Ilic nii>>ioiis anion;,' the wild tribes were of a didVirm ( h.iiaricr. The mo>t celebrated are those of the Jcmiu- in PaiaLinay and Calilbrnla, the mis- sions amon^r the JMoxos and Abipimes in Chili and Kew Grenada. Few of these are now jiropeily missions, and they are matter for a history rather than a gazetteer.
"2. Portuguese Ninxioiin. — The missions of Brazil were chietiy concluded by Portufrucse Jesnils, who converted several tribes, although their numbers were diminished by the cruelty of the savages on land and pirates at sea. Several of these missions ^till subsist, but details are not easily iicce>sil)l(' as to llieii- numbers and extent.
"3. Unit,;! Stdtrs (iii'i (•(iiitiiia. —'\'\ii- early Catholic mis- eious ill New Mexico, Florida, and ('.ilifriiia were Span- ish. The natives of New .Mexico weic converted, and, heing now Christians, are not consideied a mission. In Florida, while a Spanish province, the Indians were con- verted by Franciscans, and formed vilhiires on the Ajiala- cliicola and around the cilv of St. Auj-'isiine. The Imi'j:- lish drove these Indian- IVmh, tli-;!- \ illi--. and their de- scendants, now called SciiihimI.'-. ,ir wami'M er>, have lo.-t all traces of Cliri>liaiiily. 'Ilie I pper ( aiir..rii::i mi^^iolls were conducted by l''iaiici>caiis. and till a ifceiil period were iu a verv llouri^hiiiu' stale, but are now dcMr-ixeil. The Canada inis.-i. ns were beL'uii by French .lesiiit-. in Nova Scotia and .Maine, about lOl-J. The IJec .|,ect~ |-,,l- lowed, Micceeile.l aiTMin bv ilie .lesuii-. Tlii- iiii-^iMi, cm- verted llie Al.eiiaMUi^ (.r.Nlaiue, now loiiniir.-i u m \ill:,L;es in the ^laIe of Maine and two in Cana.la ; ilir IIiiimi- ,,f Upper Canada, a part id' whom are Calliolir-, are Mill al Lorettc, near (Quebec; a part of the Iroquois, or Five Na- tions, who form the three Catholic villaL;es at Caughna- waga, St. Regis, and the Lalie of tlie Two Mountains; the Algompiins, who form a mission village with the last- named band of Iroquois; the Micmacs Of Nova Scotia, now attended by the secular clerirv; the Montagnais, at Chicontimi and Red River, under a'liishop and missiona- ries; tlu! Ottawas of Lake Suiierior, who. with the Ojib- was and Meiioinonee.-. are now under the care of Cana- dian cler-.'V on the noilli, and on the .-ouih of bishop Ba- raga, a philoloL-'i-t, whose talents have lueii acknowledged by the government: the Illinois and .Miamis, who^e de- scendants are now on Indian Ti^rrilory and in Louisiana; the Arkansas, whose docemhints. iimlei- the name of Ivap- pas, are also there, 'i'lie Calliolics of Mariland be.'aii u\\>- Hions among the neighboriiiL' triln-, Imi i ril.e and mi~-i.in have long since disappearecl. slme ilie i;e\ nliKi..ii ami the establishment of a Catbolir hi.Tai.liv in the Iniied States, attention has been L'ra.iually im ned lo ilie Indian missions; 2 vicariates are devoleil lo ilicni alone. Tliat of Upper .Michi-an contains 1 liisliop, :. piie-i-. r. schools, and a lar-e niimlier of Calholic Oilaw.i- and diibwas; that of IimUoi i.riiiorv lia- a bi-hop. ^ rlrrL'Mnen, -I BChooN. :,-. . ■!,,,,._ ,;ni„. |>,,:i:,u,a;,n,i,^..(l-:l':,r-..Mi-
.\li
Ml
are in uv
Ojibwa iiii~>ion ; in thai of St. i'aul'.s .Minnesota, a Sioux, a Winnebago, and :! O.jibwa missi(ms ; and in Oregon there are missions among the Waskos, Cavusus, Pointed Hearts, and Flatheads— the Indian Catholics of the terri- tory numbering H4uii. Besides these, a few hundred con- verted Indians are to be found iu California.
"This is an outline of the widely-extended and much- divcrsiticd Catholic missions. .\s to their history, the work of Henrioii, llistmrf (.'/ii/nilf iirn MisKioim Cnthii- liqwx; Wittmann, />»■ Il<rrlul,bil.',> dn- Kirrhe in iluei, MUiridDcn (AuLT'^burL', IMI;; .Mai>liall, Missions, Roman Catholic and I'rotesiaui a.oiid. is,;.',) ; and ttie annals of the Society for the l'ropagati.>n of ilie Faith, will give a general idea; but the sources are the acciainis of the va- rious religious bodies eiiiraged on the several missions, voluminous works which would ahme form a library." See also Wetzer n. Welie, Kirchen-Lexikon, vii, ]&7 sq. ; (Regensbnrg) Jteal-Kncrklopidie, vol. ix, 8. v.
2. 7V/e fjj-eek C//"/r/i.— ^lovcments have recently oc- curred in Kussia, the princi|)al stronghold and promoter of the (ircck Cluircli. indicating some slight develop- ment of the modern missionary sjiirit.
A Russian lUlile .Society has i)een organized at St. Petersburg, with the sanction of the emperor Alexander.