3. Tlie identification of the Jewish months with our own cannot be effected with precision on account of the variations that must inevitably exist between the lunar and the solar month, each of the former ranging over
MONTH'S MIND
549
MONTLUC
viariiim Ju?-{s diviiii et utriusque humani (Paris, 1520, 2 vols, fol.) : — De sacramento altaris (ibid. 1517, 8vo). — Hoei'er, Xom: Biog. Generate, xxxvi, 292.
Month's Mind is the name by which is desig- nated ail office performed for the period of one month, in the Romish Church, for her dead. "Mind" in that case is used in its old sense of memory, as in the phrases " to call to mind," " time out of mind."
Monthyon (or Montyon), Antoine Jean Bap- TiSTE Robert Auget, a French baron, celebrated for his great philanthropic labors and munificent endow- ments of humanitarian institutions, was born at Paris Dec. 23 or 26, 1733. He was successively intendant of the provinces of Provence, Auvergne, and Aunis ; and, as a member of the royal council, opposed the unlawful proceedings resorted to in the case of Lachalotais, and protested against the dissolution of ancient parliaments decreed by chancellor Maupeon. In consequence of this latter act he was deprived of his office. Soon after the accession of Louis XVI he was appointed councillor of state ; became, in 1780, chancellor of the count d'Artois (afterwards Charles X) ; emigrated to England on the breaking out of the French Revolution, and did not re- turn to France until the second restoration. He pos- sessed a princely fortune, and devoted the larger por- tion not only of his income, but also of his capital, to philanthropic purposes. He generously assisted his ex- iled countrymen, and bequeathed to French hospitals over 3,000,000 francs. As early as 1782 he had founded a prize for virtue, and several other prizes, to be award- ed by the French Academy and the Academy of Sci- ences. These having been suppressed by order of the Convention, were renewed by the donor on his return to France in 1816, and afterwards increased. Every year the French Academy distributes two Monthyon prizes of 10,000 francs each : one to the poor person who has performed the most meritorious deed of virtue, the other to the author of the work which has been judged the most useful for the improvement of public morals. Two others, of equal amount, are awarded by the Acad- emy of Sciences : one to him who shall have found dur- ing the year some means of improvement of the medi- cal and surgical art, the other to him who shall have discovered the means of rendering some mechanical art less unhealthy. Monthyon died in 1820. — Hoefer, None. Biog. Generale, s. v. ; Biugraphie Uiiicerselle, s. v.
Monti, Filippo Maria, an Italian prelate, was born March 23, 1675, at Bologna, of an illustrious and noble family ; studied at the high school of his native place ; then went to Rome, where by his superior talent and acquisitions he quickly rose to eminent favor with popes Clement XI and XII. In 1743 Benedict XIV cre- ated Monti a cardinal. He died Jan. 17, 1754, at Rome. His library of over 12,000 volumes was given, by his re- quest, to the library of his native place ; also other val- uable treasures, among them a fine collection of paint- ings. He wrote : Roma tutrice delle belle arti, scultura ed architettura : — Prose degli Arcadi : — Elogia cardi- nalium j)ietate, doctrina, legationibus ac rebus pro Ec- clesia gestis illusti-mm a pontificatu A lexandri III ad Benedictum XIII (Rome, 1751, 4to). — Hoefer, Noui: Biog. Generale, xxxvi, 296.
Monti, Vincenzo, a noted Italian ecclesiastic, who wrote poetry of a superior order, and only used his posi- tion in the Church as a general passport into society, flourished in the second half of the 18th century. He was a native of Ferrara (born in 1753), and studied in the university of that place. He was made abbe in 1776, and became secretary to the pope's nephew. He soon found favor in the eyes of Roman celebrities, and was generally noticed by prelates and cardinals as a fit subject for promotion in the Church. He was especially popular when, in 1792, he wrote a poem commemorat- ing the efforts of Pius II against the Austrian court, which then, in the person of .Joseph II, was fast breaking away from the papacy. The poem which Monti wrote
on this occasion of Pius's visit to Vienna is entitled U Pellegrino Apostolico. He died at Milan, October, 1828.
Montignot, Henri, a French ecclesiastic, was bom about 1715, at Nancy. He was a doctor of theologj^, canon of the cathedral, and member of the academy in his native place, where he died about the close of the 18th century. He wrote : Remai-ques theologiques et cri- tiques sur VHistoire du Peuple de Dieu du P.Beri-uyer (1755, 12mo): — Dictionnaire diplomatique ou Etymologie des termes de la basse Latinite pour servir a V intelligence des archives, des chartes, etc. (Nancy, 1787, 8 vo) : — Reflex- ions sur les immunities ecclesiastiques (Paris, 1788, 8vo) : — Etat des Etoiles fixes au second Steele par CI. Ptolemie, compare a la position des memes etoiles en 1786, avec le texte Grec et la traduction Fi-angaise (Nancy, 1786 ; Stras- burg, 1787, 4to). — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxvi, 303.