MUNSTER V:
his notes are generally approved, though he dwells a little too long upon the comments of the rabbins. For this version he received the appellation of " the Ger- man Esdras :" — Grammatica Chaldaica (4to) : — Dictio- lutrium Cliahldicum non tarn ad Chaldaicos interpretes, gucim (ul Rubbinoi-iim intdliijenda Commentaria necessa- rium (4to) : — Didionarium Ti-ilingue (Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, fol.): — Captivitates Judaorum iiictrti au- toris (Hebrew and Latin, 8vo): — Cakndarium bibl. Ihhr.,ej- Jlebroiorum peiittralibus editum: — U'ujfiaion, logica li. Sinieonis, Latine versa: — Imtituliones Gram- muticai in Ihbr. litif/uam: — Grammatica Ebraa: — In- stitutio elem. Gramm. Jlebr.: — llebraiccB Institutiones : — C'litalofjus omnium praceptorum leyis Mosaica, qua ab I/fbra-is sexcenta et octodecies numcruntur, cum suc- ciricta liabbinorum expomtiune et additione traditionum, etc. (Hebrew and Latin, 8vo): — Organum Uranicum; theorica omnium planetarum motus, canones (fol.): — Cosmographia Universalis (1544, fol., translated into German, French, Italian, English, Bohemian, and other languages). It is one of the first universal geographies published in modern times, and is remarkably well ex- ecuted considering the age in which it was written. The author is most diffuse in treating of Germany and Switzerland. He gives a description of the principal towns, their history, the laws, manners, and arts of the people; the remarkable animals of the country; the l)roductions of the soil, the mines, etc.: and the whole is ilhistratcd by wood-cuts, with a portrait of the author. ]Munskr mentions several learned men of his time who funiislicd him with an account of their respective coun- tries, of Sardinia, the Illyricum, etc. He also gives specimens of several languages : — Rudimenta mathema- ticu in duos libros digesta: — Ilorologiographia (being a treatise of gnomonics). Minister also translated into Latin sever..l works of the learned Hebrew grammarian, Elias Levita, on the Jlassorah and on Hebrew gram- mar. He also wrote notes on Pomponius Mela and Soliniis. His commentaries upon several books of the Old Testament are inserted among the Critici Sacri. See Brucker, Ela-cntempel der teulscken Gelehrsamkeit, p. 137 sq. ; Schrockh, Kirchengesch. s. d. lief, v, 72, 92 scj.; Adam, Vitm I'hilos. Germ. p. 66 sq. ; Rosenmllller, Ilandb. f. d. Lit. d. bibl. Kritik v. Exegese, v, 224 sq. ; Gieseler, Eccles. Hist. (Harper's ed.) voL iv. (J. H.W.)
Munster, SYNOD OF, is the name of an indepen- dent body of Irisli I'rcsljytcrians, consisting of a few con- gregations in Dublin and the south of Ireland, who se- ceded from the main body of that country. They are mainlv Unitarians in creed. See Killin's Reid, Hist. I'rtgb. Ch. in Ireland, iii, 468-9, 488.
Mlinter, Balthasar, a German theologian, noted as a pulpit orator and scholar, was born at Lilbeck March 24, 17:35. He studied theology at Jena, was for a time preacher at Gotha, and eventually became celebrated as a pulpit orator in the (Jerman Church of Copenhagen, Denmark, where he removed in 17G5, and as the editor of the Bekehriingsgeschichte of count Stru- ensee, whom he had attended on the scaffold (Copen- hagen, 1772; English translation, entitled .4 Faithful Narrative of the Conversiun und Death of Count Struen- see, etc., by the IJev. ISIr. W'endoborn [2d ed. Lond. 1774 \). ^liinler wmte also a series of hymns (1772 and 1774). He died in 179o.
Miinter, Friedrich Christian Karl Hein- rich, a theologian, Orientalist, an<l arch:eologist who gained great celebrity in Deimiark, wliich became his country by adojition (see preceding article), was the son (if Balthasar, and born at (Jotlia, (iermany, Oct. 14, 17()1. He studied at Copenhagen and Gijttingen, and in 17.S6 went to Italy. After his return, towards the end of 17X.S, he was appointed professor of theology at Copenhagen. He became successively co-director of the Orjihaii House in 1H(I.5 and bishop of Zealand in I«0«. He died April 9, 1830. MUnter wrot-e a number of works of great interest to the student of ecclesiastical
36 MIJNTRAS
' archaeology, and yet he must be regarded really as more important as a savant than as a theologian. He found- ed the Museum of Northern Antiquities at Copenhagen, and left a valuable collection of coins and archaiological works. He wrote, Metnsche i'ebersetzung der Ojlenba- rung Johannis (Copenh. 1784 ; 2d ed. 1806) : — Xachrich- ten ii. Sicilien (Danish, 1788; German, 1790, 2 vols.): — Uie Kirchlichen A Iterthiimer der Gnostiker (Ausb. 1790) : — Magazinfiir Kirchengesch. u. Kirchenrecht des Xord- , ens (Altona, 1792-96, 2 vols.): — Statutenbuch d. Tevipel- herrn (Berl. 1794): — Vermischte Beitrdge z. Kirchenge- schichte (1798) : — Handbuch der dlteslen christlichen Dog- mengeschichte (GiJttingen, 1801 ; by Evers, 1802, 2 vols.) : — Untersuchungen ii. d. Persepolitan. Inschriften (1800, 1802): — Versuch ii. d. KeilfOrmigen Inschriften in iSici- lien (Copenh. 1802) : — Spnren Ugyptischer Religionsbe- griffe in Sicilien u.d.benuchbarten Inseln (Prague, 1806): —Religion d. Carthager (Copenh. 1816; 2d eil. 1821):— Antiquansche Abhandlungen (Copenh. 1816): — Miscel- lanea Ilafnensia theologici et philologici argnmenti (Co- penh. 1816-25, 2 vols.): — liecherches sur Vorigine des Ordres de chevalerie de Danemarc (Copenh. 1822): — Kirchengesch. v. fJdnemark u. Norwegen (Leips. 1823-34, 3 vols.) : — Sinnbilder u. Kunstvorstellungen d. alien Chris- I ten (Altona, 1825) : — DerStemder Weisen {Untersuchung iiber das Geburtsjahr Christi) (Copenh. 1827) •.—Riligion j (/. Babylonier (Copenh. 1827). See his life by Myiister, I first in Studien u. Krit. 1833, i, 13-53; and later in book I form (Copenh. 1834).— Herzog, Real-Enci/klop. x, 98; Iloefer, .Xouv. Biog, Generale, xxxvi, 954 ; Pierer, Uni- versal-Lex. xi, 544 ; Biblical Repos. iv, 533. (.J. N. P.)