found in Syria and Palestine ; and Russell mentions the above {sinapis arvensis), or charlock, as common in the neighborhood of Aleppo. It is also widely diffused in Europe (see Decandolle, Sgst. Natural, ii, C15). See Mustard.
2. Kimmash', ClSp, kimosh', TlJI^'^p, and kimmd- shun, ")TJ5ap, occur, the first in Isa. xxxiv, 13, the sec- ond in Hos. ix, 6, and the third in Prov. xxiv, 31, where it is mentioned along with charul, which we believe to indicate charlock. The field of the slothful is there described as being grown over with thorns {churullini), "and nettles {kimshon) had covered the face thereof." In Isaiah it is said, "And thorns {choach) shall come up in the palaces, nettles {kimosh) and brambles in the fortresses thereof." Hos. ix, 6, "The ]ileasant places for their silver, nettles {kimosh) shall possess them; thorns {choach) shall be in their tabernacles." Though ditferent interpretations have been given of this word (Sept. ciKap^ii'a Ko^a, UKav^a, iJXi^pog ; \u]g. uiiicee), as thorns, thistles, wild camomile, etc., the greatest number of authors have united in adopting nettles, chiefly in consequence of the authority of .Jewish writ- ers. Thus, Rosenmiiller says, rabbi Tanchum, on Hos. ix, 6, explains kimosh by the common nettle, in Po- cocke's Comment, on Ilosea. So rabbi Ben-Melech, as quoted and translated by Celsius {Ilierobot. ii, 207), speaks of it as a kind of nettle, commonly called uitica. Nettles spring up rapidly in deserted as in inhabited ])laces, in fields, ditches, and road-sides, especially where there is some moisture in the soil or climate. They are found in tropical situations as well as in temperate climes, but the springing up of nettles in deserted places is rather a European than an Oriental idea. See Tnoux.
Nettleton, Ashakl, D.D., a Congregational min- ister of note, was born April 21, 1783, at North Killing- worth, Conn. He graduated at Yale College in 1809; entered the ministry ]Ma\V28, 1811 ; and from 1812 to 1822 travelled as an evangelist through Connecticut and parts of Massachusetts and New York. He had origi- nally intended to become a missionary; but his preach- ing was attended with such great success, hiuidreds be- ing converted by his labors, that he concluded to stay at home and continue in this work. In 1822 his health failed, and he almost ceased preaching for two years, l)ut afterwards resumed the work, spending his winters in the South, and visiting England, Scotland, and Ire- land in 1831. On his return, in 18.32, he was appointed professor of pastoral theology in the then newly-organ- ized theological seminary at East "Windsor; but he did not accept this oflice, and simply took up his residence in the place and lectured occasionally to the students. He died May 16. 1844. Dr. Nettleton was a decided opponent to the New Haven theology, and in sermons and addresses took fre(jucnt opportunity to combat it. His only jiublication was a ct)mi)ilation. The Village lli/iiiiis { is-.'n. Alter the diMior's death there was pub- lislud l!,,„<iii,.< , if tin hit. l;,r. A. Xttthlon. I).l).,con- siMiii'i «/ S( niKiiis, Oiilliiiis mid Plans of Sermons, Jirief Observations on Terts of Scripture, and .yisnllinnoiis Remarks (edited bv Bennet Tyler, D.D. [Hartford. 1845, 12mo J), of which the Christian lierieu- (Oct. 1S4C>. p. 171) s|>oke in terms of-high commendation. The " Remains" was remodelled in some parts, and brought out by Bonar in 1«54. See, besides this and the re- view referred to, Sprague, A nnah of the .4 mer. Pulpit, ii, 542 ; Drake, Dictionary of A merican Biography, s. v. (J.H.W.)
Neubrigensis, William (called also Petit or Parrus), canon of the Augustine convent of Newburj', was born at Bridlington in 1131). He gave early prom- ises of great talent, and was on that account educated in the convent. At the rc(|uest of the superiors of a neighlxiring convent he wrote a commentary on Solo- mon's Soiii;, and afterwards a llistorin llerum Au'/lira- rum, which he dedicated to Ernald, abbot of Rivaulx.
NEUENAR
985
NEUB^CIIATEL
This historj', divided into five parts, embraces the pe- riod from William I to 1197. The first book, in which he mainly follows Henrj'- of Huntingdon, extends to the time of Stephen, and is merely an introduction to the most important part of the work, which treats of the history of his own times, and is the best chronicle of that period. He evinces, for his age, remarkable critical acumen, a great spirit of observation, and fine discrimination. Although not completely free from the prejudices of the Middle Ages, the author is worthy of the name of historian. The work was first published at Antwerp in 15G7, then at Heidelberg in 1587, Paris in 1610-1632, and at Oxford (by Hearne) in 1719. The best edition is one corrected from two MSS. of the 13th century by H. C. Hamilton, for the English Historical Society (1856). Neubrigensis is believed to have died about 1208. — Herzog, Real-Eiicyklojpadie, x, 298 ; Cave, Hist. Lit. ii, 253. (J. N. P.)
Neuenar (Lat. Neuenarius or Nerenarius), Her- mann, Count, a learned German prelate, was born in 1491 in the town of Julich. He entered into holy or- ders; became provost of the College Church of Aix-la- Chapelle, afterwards of the Cathedral of Cologne; and lastly, in 1524, chancellor of the high school in that city. He possessed great knowledge, and defended Eeuchlin against the attacks of the Dominicans of Cologne. In agreement with Hutten and Camerarius upon literary questions, he separated himself from them on the subject of religious reform, and voted against the innovators at the Diet of Augsburg. He died at Augsburg in 1530. We have of his works, Oratio in comitiis Francnfurtmsihus pro Carolo Romanorum rege recens electo (Frankfort, 1519, and Hanover, 1611, fol.) : — Oratio gratulatoria ad Caroliun V (1519), reprinted, as well as the preceding piece, in the third volume of the Scriptores of Freher: — Epistola ad Carolum V (Schelestadt, 1519, 4to), written to engage that prince to favor classical studies : — Brevis enarratio de origine et sedibus Franconim (Cologne, 1521, 4to; Anvers, 1585) ; in this work, reprinted with others in vol. i of the Scriptores of Duchesne, the author is among the first to combat the erroneous opinion regarding the Tro- jan origin of the Franks : — De Morho seu febri siidato- 7-ia. vidgo sudore Brittanico vocato (Cologne, 1529, 4to) : ^Curmina (Leipsic, 1529): — Annotationes aliquot her- bariini, in vol. iii of the Herbarium Brunsfehlii (Basle, 1540): — De Gallia Belgica commentariulus (Anvers, 1584, 4to). Neuenar also gave the first edition of the Vie de Charlemagne and of the Annates of Eginhard (Cologne, 1521, 4to), and of the Ai-f veterinaire of E. Vegece (Basle, 1528, 4to) ; he also translated into Latin several Greek epigrams in the collection of Soter, pub- lished at Cologne in 1528 ; his translation of the Psalms and other fragments from the Bible are found in the Psalmi published (Hagenau, 1532, 8vo) by one of his nephews, who has placed at the beginning of it a Vie de N'euenar, reproduced in the Nodes academicm of J. Fr. Christ; his Poem on the Death of the Saviour is inserted in the Hgmni sacri of G. Fabricius; finally, several letters of Neuenar are found in the correspond- ence of Eeuchlin. See 'E\\rc\\\\a.n\t, Analecta, awA De fatis Ungum Latino', p. 337 ; Hartzheim, Bibl. Colonien- sis ; Buschius, Vallum humanitatis ; Paquot, JMemoires, vol. xvi. — Iloefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.