1. Commencing at the western foot, and going gradu- ally up the hill, (Plenary indulgence is accorded by the Church of Rome to those who recite the Lord's Prayer and the Ave Maria at the spots marked thus, *.) *Tonib of the Virgin : containing also those of Joseph,
Joachim, and Anna. Gethsemane : containing Olive garden. *Cavern of Christ's prayer and agony. (A church
here in the time of Jerome and Willibald.) Kock on which the three disciples slept. *Place of the capture of Christ. (A church in the lime of Bernard the Wise.) &pot from which the Virgin witnessed the stoning of Ste- phen. Spot at which her girdle dropped during her assumption. Spot of our Lord's lamentation over Jerusalem (Luke xix, 41). (A church here formerly called Dominus Jie- vit; Surius, in Mislin, ii, 476.) Spot on which he first said the Lord's Prayer, or wrote it on the stone with his finger (Saewulf, Harlij Trav. p. 4'2). (A splendid church here formerly. Maundeville seems to give this as the siiot where the beatitudes were pronounced, Earhj Trav. p. ITT.) Spot at which the woman taker, in adultery was brought
to him (Bernard the Wise, Earh/ Trav. p. 2S). *Tombs of the prophets (Matt, xxiil, 'J'.i} : containing, ac- cording to the Jews, those of ILiggai and Zechariah. Cave in which tlie apostles composed tlie Creed ; called
also Church of St. Mark, or of the Twelve Apostles. Spot at which Christ discoursed of the judgment to come
(Matt, xxiv, 3). Cave of St.Pehxgia: according to the Jews, sepulchre of
Huldah the prophetess. •Place of the ascension. (Church, with subsequently a
large Augustiue convent attached.) Spot at which the Virgin was warned of her death by an angel. In the valley between the ascension and the Viri Galiliei (Maundeville, p. 19T, and so Doubdan ; but Maundrell, Early Trav. p. 470, places it close to the cave of Pelagia). Viri Galilcei, or spot from which the apostles watched the ascensiim ; or at which Christ first appeared to the three Marys after his resurrection (Tobler, p. 70, note). This locality we add here for the sake of con- venience in the connection, although it constitutes a separate eminence, as noted below. 2. On the east side, descending from the Church of the Ascension to Bethany.
The field in which stood the fruitless fig-tree. Bethphage. Bethany:
House of Lnzarns. (A church there in Jerome's
time, Lib. de Situ, etc., "Bethauia.") *Tomb of Lazarus.
*Stone on which Christ was sitting when Martha and Mary came to him. The Tomb and Chapel of the Virc/in, at the western base of Olivet, a few yards north of Gethsemane, is one of the most picturesque buildings around Jerusalem. Its facade is deep down in a sunk court, and admits by a spacious door to a flight of sixty steps, leading down to a dark, rock-hewn chapel. At its eastern end is a smaller chapel containing the reputed tomb of the Vir- gin ; on the south are shown the tombs of Joachim and Anna her parents ; and on the north that of Joseph her husband. The tradition attached to this grotto is com-
paratively recent. It is not mentioned during the first six centuries (Quaresmius, ii, 244 sq.). John of Damas- cus is the first who speaks of it {Lib. e.) ; and it is also mentioned by Willibald {Early Trav. p. 19), and most travellers and pilgrims after the 8th century (AVilliams, Uoly City, ii, 435).
(2.) Next to the central and principal portion of the mount, and separated from it on the southern side by a slight depression, or, rather, less precipitous declivity, up which the path mentioned above as the third takes its course, is a spur, which appears neither to possess, nor to have possessed, any independent name. It is remarkable only for the fact that it contains the ''sin- gular catacomb" known as the " Tombs of the Proph- ets," probably in allusion to the words of Christ (Matt. xxiii, 29). Of the origin, and even of the historj' of this cavern hardly anything is known. It is possible (Schultz, p. 72) that it is the "rock called Peristereon," named by Josephus {War,\, 12, 2) in describing the course of Titus's great wall of circumvallation, though there is not much to be said for that view (see Eobin- son, iii, 254, note). To the earlier pilgrims it does not appear to have been known ; at least their descriptions hardly apply to its present size or condition. Stanley {S. and P. p. 453) is inclined to identify it with the cave mentioned by Eusebius as that in which our Lord taught his disciples, and also with that which is men- tioned by Arculf and Bernard as containing "the four tables" of our Lord {Early Trav. p. 4 and 28). The first is not improbable, but the cave of Arculf and Ber- nard seems to have been down in the valley not far from the tomb of the "N'irgin, and on the spot of the be- trayal {Early Trar. p. 28), therefore close to Gethsem- ane. This catacomb is fully described by Nugent {Lands, Classical and Sacred, ii, 73), Tobler {Oelherg, p. 350), and Porter {Iland-bool, p. 147).
(3.) The most southern portion of the Mount of Ol- ives— much more distincth' separated from the northern congeries of summits than they are from each other — is that usually known as the " Mount of Offence," Mons Offensionis, though bj' the Arabs called Baten el-IJawa, " the bag of the wind.'' It rises next to the gently sloping spur last mentioned ; and in the hollow between the two — a tolerably well-defined although broad ravine — runs the road from Bethany, which was without doubt the road of Christ's entry to Jerusalem.