Olivier, Cardinal, a (Jerman theologian and histo- rian, was born in Westphalia about the middle of the 12th century. After studying at Paderborn he became canon of the church of that city, and afterwards di- rector of the schools of Cologne. In 1210 he went to the south of France to preach a crusade against the Albigonses. After returning to his native countrj'' he preached a crusade against the Saracens in Westphalia, Friesland, Flanders, and Brabant, and in 1214 and 1217 went himself to the Holy Land with the volunteers. In
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1222, having returned to Europe, he was made bishop of Paderborii ; and wliile at Koine, in 1225, ho was cre- ated cardinal -bisliop of Sabina, and intrusted by the pope with a mission to the emperor Frederick. He died soon after at Sabina, in 1227. He wrote a letter to Engelbert, archbishop of Cologne, repeatedly published, as in Bongars, Gesta Dei per Francos ; Ilistoria re(jum Terrm Saiicta, in Eckard, Corpus Jdstoricum, ii, 1355; Jlistoria Damiatina, in the same, ii, 1398. Michaud has given an analysis of these works in his Biblioih'eque lies C'roisaJes, p. 177 ; and Petit Eadel mentions the most important passages in the Hist. Litter, de la France. See Scliateniiis, Annates Paderbornenses ; Histnriens de France, vol. xviii; Ughelli, Italia Sacra, i, 167; Hist. Litter, de la France, xviii, 14. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, xxxviii, 636. (J. N. P.)
Olivier, Jean, a French Koman Catholic theolo- gian, was born near the opening of the 16th century. He joined the Benedictines in Poitou, and afterwards removed to the abbey of St. Denis, near Paris, where he became great almoner and vicar-general. After he was elected abbot, he surrendered his claims in favor of the cardinal of Bourbon, at the request of Francis I, who gave him in exchange the abbey of St. Medard at Sois- sons. In 1532 he resigned this dignity to become bishop of Angers. He had a great reputation for learning and piety, and enacted very strict regulations against the laxit)' of ecclesiastical discipline in his diocese. Some say that he was in favor of the Reformation, and Cres- pin reports that he permitted the preaching of the Gos- pel at Angers. He died there April 12, 15-10. He wrote well in Latin, as is shown by his own epitaph, that of Louis XII, quoted by Papire Masson, an ode to Salmon Macrin, and especially by a poem, entitled Pandora Jani Olirerii Andium hierophantce (Paris, 1542, 12mo). This poem, which was much read when it appeared, was published by Stephen Dolet, and translated by William Michel into French verses (new ed. Rheims, 1608, 8vo). See Scevola de Sainte-Marthe, Elorjia, lib. ii; Gallia Christiana, 11,147 ; Doublet, Hist, de l' A bbaye de St. Denijs ; Crespin, VEtat de VEglise; Haag, La France Protestante. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 637. (J. N. P.)
Olivier, Nicolas Theodore, a French Roman Catholic prelate, was born at Paris April 28, 1798. He was early destined for the Church ; studied under Bou- cher, curate of St. Merry, and entered the seminary of St. Sulpice. Ordained priest in 1822, he was sent as a missionarj' into the province of Beauce, and on his return was made vicar of St. Denis, and afterwards of St. Etienne du Mont, Paris. He now became succes- sively curate of St. Peter at Chaillot, March 25, 1827 ; of St. litienne du Mont, Jan. 17, 1828 ; and of St. Roch, Feb. 7, 1833. Here, in the favorite parish of queen Marie-Amelie, he found an ample field for his activity and his benevolence. Among his numerous discourses, a charity sermon he preached in favor of the orphans whose parents had died by cholera is perhaps the most remarkable: the collection taken up on the occasion surpassed all expectations. He was made bishop of Evreux April 18, 1841, and died in that city Oct. 21, 1854. Besides a number of homilies, sermons, mande- ments, and pastoral instructions, scattered through va- rious collections, Olivier wrote, Oraison funebre de JL FAbbe Philippe Jean iMuis Desjardins, Locteur en Sor- bonne et Vicaire General de Paris (Paris, 1834, 8vo) : — Le Catholique h la sainte Table (Paris and Lyons, 1839, 18rao) : — Helices des dmes ajjligees, ou lettres de coiuiola- tion tirees des saints Peres (Paris, 1840 and 1854, 18mo) : — Concordances de rapport de la theologie de Bailly avec le code ciril, in the Traite de Injustice et des co7itrais: — Un sermon entre deux histoires (Paris, 1836, 18mo). See Biogr. du clerge contemporain, vol. i ; L^Evcque d! Evreux; Dix annees de M. Olivier (1841, 8vo) ; Bou- clon, Etat actuel du diocese d'Evreux, ou la tranche veriie sur M. Olivier (1845, 8vo) ; same. Hist, de Mgr.
Olivier, Eveque d'Evreux (1855, 12mo) ; Fisquet, France pontificale. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 645. (J.N. P.)
Olivier, Seraphin, a French prelate of note, was born at Lyons Aug. 2, 1538. He studied at Toumon, and afterwards at liologna, where he graduated as doc- tor in civil and canon law. In 1562 he was professor in the university, and was afterwards called to Rome by pope Pius IV, and appointed in 1564 auditeur de la rote for France. He held this office for thirty-six j-ears. Gregorj' XIII sent him to France in 1573 to congratu- late the duke of Anjou (afterwards Henry III) on his election to the throne of Poland ; and he was sent on a second mission to that country by Sixtus V in 1589. He took an active part in inducing Clement VIII to grant absolution to Henrj' IV. When cardinal D'Ossat re- signed, Henry IV nominated Olivier to the bishopric of Rennes in June, 1600; but he never took possession of that see, and was created patriarch of Alexandria Aug. 26, 1602, and cardinal June 9, 1604. He died at Rome March 9, 1609. He wrote, Decisiones rotce Ro- manm milk quingentce (Rome, 1014, 2 vols. fol. ; Francf. 1615, 1661, 2 vols, fol., with notes and additions). It begins with the funeral sermon of that prelate, preached by John du Bois, which was also published separately (Rome, 1609, 4to). See Frizon, Gallia pu7purata, p. 680; Sainte-JIarthe, 6'affia CA?"is<ia»a, vol. iii; Amelot de la Houssaye, Lettres du Cardinal d'Ossat, ii, 76, 316, 440 ; De Thou, Histor. univ. i, 131 ; Alby, IHst. des Cardi- naux illustres ; France pontificale. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 040. (j! N. P.)