candidates for the priesthood, were converted by it, and not a few of these converts became preachers of the Wesleyan body or of the Established Church. See ^i(tyens, Hist. <}f Methodism, voX.'iii (see Index); Riley, Life of Ouselei/ (Lond. and New York, 1848); Arthur, Life of ike Ecu. Gideon Ouseley (Lond. 187G).
Outram (or O^vtram), William, D.D., an Eng- lish divine, was born in Derbyshire in 1G25. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1641, and upon the com- pletion of his inuversity course became rector of St. Mary AVoolnoth, London, which position he resigned in 16GC; was appointed archdeacon of Leicester in 1669; became jirebendary of Westminster in 1670, and was also for some time rector of St. Margaret's, Westmin- ster. He was much esteemed by his contemporaries. Both the Churchmen and the Dissenters had great con- fidence in his piety and his judgment (see Stoughton, Eccles. Hist. [Church of the Restoration'], i, 439). He was well versed in rabbinical learning, and in the writ- ings of the fathers. He died in 1679. His works are: De Sacrificiis Libri duo, quorum altero explicantur om- nia Judoeoruni nonnulla Gentium Profanorum Sao'i- Jicia; altero Sacrificium Chrisii contra F. Socinum (Lond. 1677, 4to; Amster. 1688, 12mo) ; this was trans- lated into English, with additional notes and indexes, by John Allen, under the title of Two Dissertations on Sacrifices ; the first on all the Sacrifices of the Jews, icith Remarks on some of those of the Heathens; the sec- ond on the Sacrifice of Christ; in both which the Gen- eral Doctrine of the Christian Church on these Subjects is defended against the Socinians (1817, 8vo; 1828, 8vo; 1838, 8vo). " Some of the best discussions on the sub- ject of sacrifice," says Orme, "are to be foun<l in this work; and in no work is the typical relation of the an- cient sacrifices to tlie nature and design of the death of Christ more satisfactorily explained. The English translation is respectably executed, and has made the work accessible to all." " This work," saj-s Home, " is of singular use to the divinity student, as affording, in a comparatively small compass, one of the most mas- terly vindications of the vicarious atonement of Christ :" — Twenty Sermons preached on several Occasions (1652, 8vo, posth.; 2d ed. 1679, 8vo). These were edited by Dr. J. Gardiner, bishop of Lincoln, who commends them highly in his preface. See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer, A iithois, vol. ii, s. v. ; Orme, Bibl, Bibl. s. v. ; Home, Introd. vol. ii.
Ouvrard, Renk, a French ecclesiastic, was born at Chinon about 1620. He was intimate with Arnauld and other writers of Port-Royal. He died in 1694. He pub- lished treatises on music, theology, and mathematics.
Ovalle (sometimes written Ovaglie), Alfonso DE, a Jesuit of Spanish extraction, was born in Chili in IGOl. He died in IGol. He published in 1646 a His- torical Account of the Kingdom of Chili and the Jesuit Missions in that country. See Backer, Bihlioth. des ecri- vains de la Comparpiie de Jesus (1854), 2d series, p. 451.
Ovampoland. See Ovampos.
Ovampos, or, as they are sometimes called, Otji- lierero, are Africans, seemingly the connecting link between the Kajf're (q. v.) and jXegro (q. v.\ The country they live in is called Ovampoland, and is situ- ated in the region north of the great Namaqualand (<). v.), in South Africa, extending north to the Cuanene Hiver, and south to the parallel of 23=' S. lat. The land of the Ovampos is a much more fertile region than Na- maqualand, from which it is separated by a wide belt of densely bushed country. It has but few rivers, and these not of a perennial nature. About fifty miles from the coast the country rises to a table-land about 6000 feet above the sea-level, and then declines to the south and east into the deserts of the Kalihari and the region of Lake Ngami. Many strong indications of copper-ore are found in various places. The principal rivers, or, rather, water-courses, are the Swakop, Kusip, and their
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branches, which enter the Atlantic a few miles north of Waltish Bay. The other rivers in the interior seem to lose themselves in the sands. The climate is healthy, except near the coast, where fever in some seasons pre- vails. It seldom rains in the coast region, which is a very desolate one, and almost devoid of water. Thun- der-storms are very violent in the summer season. All the large mammalia are more or less plentiful, ac- cording as water may be found at the different drink- ing-places. Elephants, rhinoceroses, elands, and other large animals driven from the south by the march of civilization, take refuge in the desert lying east of Ovampoland, where sportsmen like Green and Anders- son have been known to kill as many as twelve ele- phants in a day. The country was first described by Sir J. Alexander, who visited its south border. Mr. Galton afterwards penetrated much farther north; and Mr. C. J. Andersson has since fully explored it nearly as far north as Cuanene. Large numbers of horned cattle are annually collected by traders from the Cape in these regions, and whales abound on the coast. The trade in ostrich-feathers and ivory is of increasing importance, and several trading-stations are established for the col- lection of native products. The Ovampos are described by Andersson as of a very dark complexion, tall and robust, but remarkably ugly. He found them, how- ever, honest, industrious, and hospitable. They are not entirely pastoral, but cultivate much corn. Living in the same country are the Cattle Damaras, with still more of the Negro type, a stout, athletic people, very dirty in their habits, and generally armed with the bow and arrow. They live in a state of constant warfare with the Ghondannup, or Hill Damaras, a nearly pure Negro race, on the one hand, and the Namaqua Hot- tentots, who live south of them, on the other. — Cham- bers, Cyclop, s. V.