(15.) De S a nicy, Vogage an tour de la ]\[er Morte, etc. (1853, 2 vols. 8vo, with Atlas of Maps and Plates, and Lists of Plants and Insects), interesting rather from the unusual route taken by the author, the boldness of his theories, and the atlas of admirably engraved maps and plates which accompanies the text, than for its own merits. Like many French works, it has no index. Translated : Narrative of a Journey, etc. (1854, 2 vols. 8vo). See The Dead Sea, by the Rev. A. A. Isaacs (1857). Also a valuable letter by "A Pilgrim," in the Athenmum, Sept. 9, 1854. Of a more critical character are his Voyage en Terre Sainte (Paris, 1866), and Der- niers Jours de Jerusalem (ibid. 1866).
(16.) Lynch, Official Report of the United States Expedition to Explore the Dead Sea and the Jordan (Baltimore, 1852, 4to), contains the daily record of the expedition, and separate reports on the ornithology, bot- any, and geology. An unofficial Narrative had been published at Philadelphia in 1844; 2d ed. 1853. This contains the fullest account yet published of the Kiver Jordan and its valley, and of the Dead Sea.
(17.) Stanley, Sinai and Palestine in Connection icith their History (Lond. 1853 ; reprinted N. Y.). This is deservedly one of the most popidar works on Pales- tine. Its author is an accomplished scholar and a graceful writer. But liis great object seems to have been not so much to make fresh discoveries, as to apply
PALESTINE
582 PALESTINE, MISSION IN
those already made, especially the surface of the coun- try and the peculiarities of the scenery, to the elucida- tion of history, lie has more imagination than Robin- son, but his pictures, though clear and beautiful, are fre- quently overdrawn. He labors too much after minute details; and in his attempts to make each picture per- fect he is sometimes obliged to peril, and even to sacri- fice, strict truthfulness. His peculiar views on prophecy also occasionally manifest themselves, and do not accord well with his own observations. The chief value of the book consists in the skill and vividness with which many of the leading events of Bible history are grouped upon their old scenes. The work contains an appendix on the topographical terms of the Bible, of importance to students of the English version of the Scriptures. See also a paper on " Sacred Geography" by Prof. Stan- ley in the Quarterb/ Review, No. clxxxviii.
(18.) Tobler, Bethlehem (1849), Topographie von Je- rusalem u. seinen Umgebungen (1854). These works are models of patient industry and research. They contain everything that has been said by everybody on the sub- ject, and are truly valuable storehouses for those who are unable to refer to the originals. His Dritie Wan- derung (1859) describes a district but little known, viz. part of Philistia and the country between Hebron and Eamleh, and thus possesses, in addition to the merits above named, that of novelty. It contains a sketch- map of the latter district, which corrects former maps in some important points. His fourth journey is de- scribed in his Nazareth u. Paldstina (18G0).
(19.) Van de Velde, Sgria and Palestine (1854, 2 vols. 8vo), contains the narrative of the author's jour- neys while engaged in preparing his large ^[ap of the Holy Land (1858). Van de Velde's Memoir (1858, 8vo) gives elevations, latitudes, longitudes, routes, and much very excellent information. His Pays dPsrael contains 100 colored lithographs from original sketches, accu- rately and admirably executed, and many of the views are unique.
Of more recent works the following may be noticed : Porter, Five Years in Damascus, the Haurdn, etc. (Lond. 1855, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Handbook Jor Syria and Pidestine (last ed. Lond. 1875) ; Bonar, The Land of Promise (Lond. 1858) ; Thomson, The Land and the Book (N. Y. 1859, 2 vols. 8vo), the fruit of twenty-five years' resi- dence in the Holy Land, by a shrewd and intelligent observer; Wetstein, Tieisebericht Uber //atirdn und die beiden Trachonen (Berlin, 18G0, with wood-cuts, a plate of inscriptions, and a map of the district by Kiepert), the first attempt at a real exploration of those extraor- dinary regions east of the Jordan, wliich were partially visited by Burckhardt, and recently by Cyril (iraham (^Cambridge Essays, 1858 ; Trans. R. S. Lit. 1860, etc.) ; Drew, Scripture Jjunds in Connection with their History (Lond. I860); Tristram, Land of Israel (Lond. 1865); Manning, Those Hob/ Fields (Lond. 1874) ; Kidgaway, The Lord's Land (n! Y. 1876),
Two works by ladies claim especial notice. [1.] Egyptian Sepulchres and Syrian Shrines, by Jliss E. A. Beaufort (1861, 2 vols. 8vo). The second volume con- tains the record of six months' travel and residence in the Holy Land, and is full of keen and delicate observation, caught with the eye of an artist, and characteristically recorded. [2. J JJomestic Life in Palestine, by Miss Rogers (Lond. 18(;2), is what its name purports, an account of a visit of several years to the Holy Land, during which, owing to her brotliers position, the au- thor had opportunities of seeing at leisure the interiors of many unsophisticated Arab and Jewish households, in places out of the ordinary track, such as few English- women ever before enjoyed, and certainly none have re- corded. These she has described with great skill and fidelity, and with an abstinence from descriptions of matters out of her proper path or at second-hand which is truly admirable.