Pallavicino, Ferrante, an Italian monastic of questionable repute, was born at Parma in 1615. He entered at an early age the Order of the Canons of St. Augustine, and made his vows ; but after a few years he found that he had acted rashly, and that he was to- tally unsuited for the life which he had embraced. With his superior's permission he then travelled. He first repaired to Venice, where he led a life of licentious- ness and wrote obscene books. He afterwards went to Germany as chaplain to a nobleman, and returned to Venice just at the time when war broke out between Edoardo Farnese, duke of Parma, and pope Urban VIII, on the subject of the duchy of Castro. Pallavicino wrote in favor of his sovereign the duke, using violent expressions against the pope and his nephews the Bar- berini. One of his pamphlets was entitled II Divorzio Celeste, by which he intimated that a divorce had taken place between the Church and its divine founder. Pal- lavicino, now thinking he was no longer safe in Italy, resolved to go to France; but, unfortunately for him, he was accompanied by a young Frenchman of insinuating address, who proved to be a spy of the Barberini, and who led him unawares into the papal territory of Avig- non, where he was immediately seized and led to prison. He was tried for apostasy and high-treason, and was condemned and beheaded on March 5, 1644, at the early age of twenty-nine years. See Poggiali, Memorie pe?- la Storia Lctteraria di Placenza. — Enfjlish Cyclop, s. v.
Pallavicino, Pietro Sforza, an Italian prel- ate of great note, distinguished especially as a historical writer, son of the marquis Alexander Pallavicino and Frances Sforza, was born at Rome Nov. 20, 1607. Much to the disgust of his father lie chose the ecclesiastical life. Pietro's conduct was so exemplary that he was earlj' appointed one of those prelates who assist in the assemblies called "congregations" at Rome. He was also received into the famous academy of humorists, VII.— P p
among whom he often occupied the position of president. He was likewise governor of Jesi, and afterwards of Or- vieto and Camerino, under pope Urban Vlll. But all these advantages did not hinder him, when the papal displeasure threatened him, from renouncing the world and entering, in 1637, the Society of the Jesuits. As soon as he had completed his novitiate he taught phi- losophy, and then theology. Innocent X, who felt kindly disposed towards Pallavicino, and considered it politic for the pontificate to recognise erudition, nomi- nated Pallavicino to examine into divers matters relat- ing to the pontificate, among others into the Jansenistic controversy (1651-1653), and Alexander VII created him a cardinal in 1657. This pontiff was an old friend of Pallavicino, who had been serviceable to him when he first came to Rome as simply Fabio Chigi. Palla- vicino had even contributed to advance his temporal fortune, and had received him into the academy of the humorists, in gratitude for which Chigi had addressed to him some verses, printed in his book, entitled " Philo- mathi Musis Juveniles." At the same time that Palla- vicino obtained a place in the sacred college, which was not until 1659, for he hesitated to accept the proffered honor, he was also appointed examiner of the bishops, and afterwards a member of the congregation of the Holy Office, i. e. the Inquisition, and of that of the Council of Trent, whose history he wrote in a most masterly manner. He died at Rome June 5, 1667. The best-known of all his writings is his Istoi-ia del Concilia de Trento (Rome, 1656-1657, 2 vols, fol.; 1665, 3 vols. 4to), intended as a reply to the still more celebrated and liberal, although by Romanists deeply suspected, work of Paul Sarpi. Pallavicino wrote, of course, as a Jesuit should write, in defence of the papacy, and with an ultramontane coloring. Hence the classical value of his work is limited, but its style is excellent, and his learning no one has called in question. Comp. Ranke, Gesch. der rom. Pdpste, ii, 237 sq. ; iii. Appendix ; Brit- schar, Beurtheilung der Controversen Sarp€s u. Pal- lavicino's (Tubin.1844) ; Buckley, Hist, of the Council of Trent (Lond. 1852), Preface ; Danz, Gesch. des Triden- tinischen Concils (Jena, 1846, 8vo), Preface. Among his other works may be mentioned Vindicationes Soc. Jes. (Rome, 164:9): — Del Dene, a philosophical treatise: — Arte della Perfezione Cristiana — / Fasti Sacri (the unpublished MS. is in the library of Parma) : — Ermen- gilda,a tragedy (ibid. 1644): — Gli Avvertimenii Gi'am- maticali (ibid. 1661) : — -Trattato dello Stilo e del Dialogo (ibid. 1662) :— and Lettere (ibid. 1668). See Tiraboschi, Storia della Letter. Ital. viii, 132-136 ; Sotwel, Script. Soc. Jesu ; Burnet, Hist, of the Reformation; Schrockh, Kirchengesch. seit der Reformation, vol. iv ; Stillingfleet, Works, vol. i; Mosheim, Eccles. Hist. vol. iii; Hagen- bach, Hist, of Doctrines (see Index). (J. H. W.)
Pallenis, a surname of Athene (Minerva), under which she was worshipped between Athens and Mara- thon.
Palliere, Louis Vincent L^on, a French painter, was born at Bordeaux in 1787. He went to Paris and studied under Vincent, under whom he evinced uncom- mon talents. In 1812 he gained the first prize of the Academy for his picture of Ulysses Slaying the Suitors of Penelope, which entitled him to go to Rome on a pension from the government. At Rome he painted several clas- sical subjects, and the Flagellation of Christ, Vi\nc\\ was especially commended. After his return to Paris, he exhibited, in 1819, in the Louvre, St. Peter Curing the Lame Man; Tobit Restoring Sight to his Father; A Shepiherd in Repose ; Preaching at Night in Rome, and other subjects, and obtained the gold medal of the first class. He died in 1820, in the strength of his manhood, deeply regretted as an artist of great promise. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, ii, 644.