Pandemos, a surname oi Aphrodite (Venus), imder which she was worshipped at Athens from the time when Theseus united the scattered tribes of Attica into one political body. White goats were sacrificed to the goddess. The surname of Pandemos was also applied to Erus (Cupid).
Pandera. See Pantiiera.
Panderen, Egbert van, a Dutch engraver, was born at Haarlem, according to Nagler, in 1575, though others say in 1G06. Nagler gives a list of thirty-three prints by him. They are executed with the graver in a formal style, with little effect, and the drawing is incorrect. Some of them are interesting from the sub- jects. The following are the best: The Virgin interced- ing with Christ for the Salcation of Mankind (after Ru- • bens): — The Four Evangelists (after Peter de Jode) : — St. Louis, vi'ith a border representing his miracles (after the same master). See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine Arts, ii, 648.
Pandia is said to have been a goddess of the moon worshipped by the ancient Greeks.
Pandia, an Attic festival, the precise nature of which is somewliat doubtful, some sujiposing it to have been instituted in honor of the goddess of the same name, and others alleging it to have been a festival in honor of Zeus (Jupiter), and celebrated by all the Attic tribes just like the Panatheniea (q. v.). It was held on the 14th of the Greek month Elai>hel)olion, and it ap- pears to have been celebrated at Athens in the time of Demosthenes.
Pandiosos was a daughter of Cecrops Agraulos, worshipped at Athens along with Tliallo. She had a sanctuary near the temple of Athene Polias.
Pandolfi, Giovanni Giacomo, an Italian painter, flourished at Pesaro about 1630. He was a scholar of Frederigo Zuccaro. Lanzi saj^s, "His works are cele- brated in his native city, and do not yield the palm to those of Zuccaro, as seen in his pictures of S. Giorgio and S. Carlo in the cathedral." He also decorated the whole chapel in the Nome di Dio with various subjects in fresco from the Old and New Testaments. See Spooner, L'iog. Hist, of the Fine Arts, ii, 649.
Pandora (i. e. the A ll-endoiced), according to Gre- cian myth, was the first woman on the earth. When Prometheus had stolen fire from heaven, Zeus instigated Hephjestus to make woman out of earth to bring vexa- tion upon man by her graces. The gods endowed her with every gift necessary for this purpose, beauty, bold- ness, cunning, etc. ; and Zeus sent her to Epimetheus, the brother of Prometheus, who forgot his brother's warning against receiving any gift from Zeus. A later form of the myth represents Pandora as possessing a vessel or box filled with winged blessings, which man- kind would have continued to enjoy if curiosity had not prompted her to open it, when all the blessings flew out, except Hope. — Chambers.
Pandours. See Servians.
Pandu (literally, u-hite) is the name in Hindft mythology of the father of the Pandavas (q. v.), and the brother of Dhritariishtra. Although the elder of the two princes, he was rendered by his " pallor" — im- plying, perhaps, a kind of disease — incapable of succes- sion, and therefore obliged to relinquish his claim to his brother. He retired to the Himalaya Mountains, where his sons were born, and where he died. His renuncia- tion of the throne became thus the cause of contest be- tween the Pandavas, liis sons, and the Kiirus, or the sons of Dhritarashtra. — Chambers.
Pandulph(us), a Roman cardinal, flourished in the first half of the 13th century. He was an Italian by birth, and is spoken of as a man of consummate ability. Pandulph was high in the confidence of pope Innocent III, and was employed by the pontiff as legate to king John of England to bring about a reconciliation of that imhappy monarch with irresistible Rome. The success- ful termination of Pandulph's mission has been spoken of in our article John (q. v.). Of Pandulph's general personal history but little is accessible. Milman says that he was not cardinal at all {Hist, of Lat. Ch. v, 35, foot-note 2), but there is evidence to the contrary. The schismatic po])e Anacletus II in 1230 made Pandulph cardinal -deacon of S. Cosmas and Damianus (comp. Wattenbach, Deutsch/and's Geschichtsquellen, p. 447). In 1225 Pandulph had been made bishop of Norwich by the king at the request of pope Honorius. Pandulph died about the middle of the century. He wrote the biographies of several pontiffs, among them Gelasius II, Calixtus II, and Ilonorius II. As he was himself a party to the history i)f which he wrote in these works, Pandulph's labor cannot be too higiily estimated. He was moreover a man of great ability, and wielded a powerful pen. His imagination was lively, his eye ap- preciated beauty, and his heart was kindly disposed to- wards any of the men whom the Roman priesthood called to preside over their spiritual dominion, and he was therefore well fitted for the task he mapped out for himself. See Piper, Monum. Theol. p. 445, 446: Mil- man, Hist, of Ldt. Ch. V, 25-26, 35-36, 41, 50, 53. 316; Riddle, Hist, of the Papacy, ii, 215-217. (J. H. W.)
Pane is the name, in ecclesiastical architecture, for a bay in a cloister ; the side of a tower; a panel or com- partment of wainscoting or ceilings. See Panel.