Pannorniia is the title of a canonical collection by bishop Ivo of Chartres (q. v.), consisting of eight books, and counted among the most valuable ecclesiastical la- bors of the pre-Gratian period. They were freely used by Gratian. See, on the relation of the I'unnormium to the Decretum, Theiner, Ueber Ivo's vermeintliches De- cret.; Savigny, Gesch.des rum. Rects in M.A.; Was- serschleben, Zur Gesch. der vorgratianischen Kirchen- rechtsquellen, p. 59 sq. The Pannormia has been edited by Sebastian Brandt (Basle, 1499) and by INI. A. Vos- mediano (Louvain, 1557). It has also been printed in Migne's Patrol, vol. clxi.
Panodorus, an Egyptian monk who flourished in the reign of the emperor Arcadius, is noted as the au- thor of a Chronography {xpovoypacpiov'), in which he I'ound great fault with Eusebius, from whom, however,
he took many of his statements. Panodorus is frequent- ly mentioned by Syncellus. See Voss, De Hist. (Jrwc. p. 308; Fabricius, Bibl. Grceca, vii, 444. — Smith, Diet. of Class. Biog. s. v.
Panomphaeus, a surname of Zeus (.Jupiter), as be- ing the author of all omens and signs of every kind.
Panormitanus, a surname ofXicolas Tudescus ((>r de Tudesco, de Tudeschis), a noted Italian prelate, who is so generally known under his surname that we insert him in this place. He was born in 1386 at Catania, in Sicily; in 1400 he entered the Benedictine Order; and in 1414 he became canon in his native city. Later he studied canon law at Bologna, and then taught at the high schools in Siena, Parma, and Bologna. In 1425 he received from pope IMartin V the abbey Maniacum, near Messina; afterwards he became auditor of the Rota and apostolical referendary at Rome. Alphonso V of Aragon secured his services, and was so welV pleased that he caused him to be elevated to the archbishopric of Pa- lermo, and sent as legate to the council at Basle. In this celebrated ecclesiastical gathering Panormitanus was at first a devoted advocate of pope Eugenius IV ; but when, in 1437, the council was moved to Ferrara for the obvious purpose of strengthening the papal interest, Panormita- nus, ever anxious for the right use of power, forsook the papal side, and advocated the superiority of the council over the pope. In 1440 the antipope Felix II conferred on Panormitanus the cardinal's hat, and employed him as legatus a latere at Mayence in 1441, and Frankfort-on- the-Main in 1442. In 1443, when king Alphonso made peace with pope Eugenius, Panormitanus was recalled from the council. He died shortly after at Palermo, in 1443 or 1445. He wrote a Commentary to the Decretals of (iregory IX and the Clementines, which is highly prized; also a justification of the Basle Council, which Gerbais translated into French in 1G77, in the interest of Gallicanism. (J. H.AV.)
Pautaenus, a Christian philosopher of the Stoic sect, flourished in the 2d century. He is supposed to have been a native of Alexandria, and to have taught philosophy and religion there about A.D. 180. He went on a mission to Ethiopia, from whence he is said to have brought the Gospel of St. Matthew, written in Hebrew (Eusebius, Hist. Eccles. v, 10). But little else is known of his personal histor}'. With the persecutions under Septimius Severus all trace of Panta?nus is lost. He is reported to have died in 213. He left several commentaries, but only a few scanty remains of them are now extant. Some of them are collected in Hal- loix, niustr. Eccles. Orient. Scriptor. (Douaci, 1633- 1636) ; Routh, Reliq. Sacr. i, 398 sq. See Redepenning, Origenes, vol. i; Gnericke, De Schola Alexandr. vol. i; Philo Judffius, Opera, iv, 34 ; Alzog, Kirchengesch. i, 194; Ritter, Gesch. der chi'istl. Philosophic, i, 421 sq.; Smith, Diet, of Class. Biog. s. v. (J. H. W.)
Pantaleoil, St. (Ital. San. Pcmtaleone; Gr. "Ay. UavTaX'uxiv), a noted Christian martyr under Galerius, was born (according to tradition) at Nicomedia, in Bi- thj-nia. His father, from whom he received his educa- tion, was a pagan ; his mother was a Christian. Having applied himself to the study of medicine, he became eminent in his profession, and was appointed physician to the emperor Galerius. He was one of the most be- nevolent of men and successful of practitioners. His reputation roused the jealousy of the pagan physicians, wlio accused him to the emperor. Galerius, finding him a Christian, ordered him to be tortured, and then be- headed, which was done, A.D. 305. Pantaleon is much venerated in the Italian Church, especially at Venice. There have been some who doubted his existence, and believed liis name to have been derived from the war- cry of the Venetians, Pianta Leone (Plant the Lion) ! But .Justinian erected a church in his honor in Constan- tinople, and he was celebrated in the Greek Church at a time when Venice would have been more likely to introduce his worship from the East than to have orig-
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Inared it in any other way. The patron of physicians, he is represented as young, beardless, and handsome. As a martyr he is bound to an olive-tree, with liis hands nailed to it above his head, a sword at his feet. With- out observation he might be mistaken for St. Sebastian. When he is painted as patron he wears the physician's robe and bears the olive or palm, or both. He is com- memorated in the Eoman Church on July 27. See Smith, Did. of Class. Biog. s. v.