PanueeLs, William, a Flemish painter and en- graver, was born at Antwerp about 1600. Little is known of him as a painter, but it appears that he was a disciple of Kubens from the inscriptions on some of his prints. He etched quite a number of plates after Rubens and from his own designs. They were execut- ed in a spirited and masterly style, but his drawing is frequently incorrect. The following, after Rubens, are his most esteemed prints: Esther before Ahasuerus: — The Nativity: — The Adoration of the ALafi: — ^[ary Washing the Feet of Christ :— The Assumption of the Virgin: — The Iloly Family, with the Infant Christ and St. John jilaying with a Lamb: — *S7. John Baptizing Christ: — Samson Killing the Lion and the Bear: — St. Sebastian. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, ii, 649.
Panvinio, Onufrio, an Italian monk noted as a historian and antiquarian, was born at Verona in 1529, and took at an early age the hal lit of the Order of St. Au- gustine. He pursued his studies at Rome, whence he was called to Florence in 1554 to fill the chair of the- ology in that city ; but soon afterwards, at his own re- quest, was superseded in the office, and obtained leave from his superiors to visit the chief cities of Italy in order to collect inscriptions. At Venice he became acquainted with Sigonio, who had been appointed pro- VII.— R K
fessor of belles-lettres in that city in 1552, and who was not less enthusiastically attached than Panvinio himself to the study of antiquities. The acquaintance soon ripened into a lasting friendship. At Rome Pan- vinio was patronized Ijy cardinal Cervlni, who in 1555 became pope Marcellus II, and by him Panvinio was appointed to a situation in the library of the Vatican, with a salary of six gold ducats a month. The pope, however, died a short time after his election, and Panvinio was then patronized by cardinal Farnese, who gave him apartments in his palace, admitted him to his table, and treated him in other respects with the greatest liberality. Panvinio died at Palermo April 7, 1568, while visiting there. He was a man of great learning and indefatigable industry. Niceron, in his Mimoires, mentions twenty-seven works by Panvinio which had been printed; and Mafi'ei, in his Verona Illustrata, gives a list of Panvinio's MSS. in difterent libraries of Italj' and Germany. The most important of his works are the following, some of which were not printed till after his death : Epitome Pontijicum Roma- norum usque ad Paulum IV (Venice, 1557, fol.) : — 17- giiiti-septem Pontijicum Romanorum Elogia et Imagines (Rome, 1568, fol.) : — Fasti et Triumphl Romanorum li Romulo u<que ad Carolum ['(Venice, 1557; Mader pub- lished another edition in 1662 at Helmstiidt) : — In Fastos Consulares Appendix : — De Ludis Scp.culiribns et Antiquis Romanorum Nominibus (Heidelb. 1588, fol.) : — De Baptismate, Pascali Origlne, et Riiu consecrandi- Agnos Dei (Rome, 1560, 4to) : — De Sibyllis et Carmlni- bus Sibyllinis (Venice, 1567, 8vo) : — De Triumpho Com- mentarius (Venice, 1573, fol. ; Helmstiidt, 1676, 4to, by Jlader) : — De Ritu sepeliendi Mortuos apud Veteres Christianas et eorum Cameleriis (Louvain, 1572, 8vo) : — De Republica Romana Libri III (Venice, 1581, 8vo) : — De Bibliotheca Pontificis Vaticami (Tarragona, 1587, 4to) : — De Ludis Circensibtis Libri II, et de Triumpkis Liber I (Venice, 1600, fol.): — Amplissimi Ornatissimi- que Triumphi, ex Antiquissimis Lapidum et Nummorum Monumentis, etc. Descriptio (Home, 1018, fol.) : — Dj Antiquitate et Viris lUustribus Verome Libri TV// (Pad- ua, 1648, fol.). The following treatises are contained in the great collection of Gra3vius, " Thesaurus An- tiquitatum Romanarum :" De Civitate Romana and Ds Imperio Romano, in vol. i; De Antiquis Romanorum Nominibus, in vol. ii ; A ntiquce Urbis Imago, in vol. iii ; De Lu lis Circendbus, De Ludis Siccularibus, and De Triumpho Commentarius, in vol. ix. His great treatise De Ceerimoniis Curia: Romnnw, in 11 vols, folio, is in MS. in the roj'al library at jNIunich. See Renter, De Onuph'io Panvin'o (Altorf, 1797, 4to) ; Aschbach, Kirchen- Lejrikon, iv, 423, 424; Weiss, in Biographle Unirerselle, s. v. ; Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, vol. vii ; English Cyclop, s. v. ; Piper, Monu- mental Theol. § 163, 216. (J. H. W.)
Panvinius. See Panvinio.
Panzani, Gregorio, an Italian ecclesiastic, flour- ished in tlie first half of the 17th century. Sent by pope Urban VIII to England, he remained there from 1634 to 1636, in order to reconcile the differences which had arisen among the Roman Catholics. On his return home he was made canon of St. Lorenzo at Rome, and bishop of jMiletus in partibus. He wrote some interest- ing memoirs upon the mission, but they have never ap- peared in separate form. Dodd has inserted some ex- tracts in his History of the Church, and an Englisli priest, Joseph Berington, published a translation of tliem, entitled Memoirs of Gregorio Panzani (Birmingham, 1794, 4to). See Chaudon, Diet. Hist. Univ. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxix, 147.
Panzer, Georg 'Wolfgang, a German theolo- gian, was born at Sulzbach in 1729, and was educated at Altdorf, where he took his doctorate in philosophy in 1749. In 1751 he was made pastor at Etzelwang. near Nurem- berg; in 1760, dean at St. Sebaldus, in Nuremberg; in 1772, senior preacher; in 1773, pastor. He died in