PANZER
626
PAOLO
1804. Besides his Annales Ti/poffraphici, he wrote a history of the German Bible, Literal-. Ndchrichten v. den allerdltesten gedruckten Deutschen Bibeln (Nuremb. 1777) : — Gesck, der Niirnherger Ausgahen der Bibel, etc. (ibid. 1778) : — Gesck. derAugsburgerA nggahen (1780) : — Die unveranderte A ugshurgische Confession (178.5) : — Literdrgesch.der luther.-deutschen BibelUhersetziing 1517- 1581 (1783, 1791), etc. He also devoted himself to a careful editing of the Church hymn-books.
Panzer, Johaun Friedrich Heinrich, son of
the preceding, also noted as a German theologian, was born at Nuremberg March 25, 17G1. He was educated at the universities in Altdorf and Erlangen, and devoted himself as much to philosophy as to theology. He finally desired to enter the ministry, and became cate- chite at the St. James's Church in his native place. In 1797 he was made pastor at Eltersdorf and Tannenlohe. During the Prussian-Nuremberg controversy he was dis- missed, but the Prussian government gave him an ap- pointment as pastor at Baireuth. He died Nov. 15, 1815. Panzer wrote several valuable monographs treating of chapters in the history of the Reformation.
Panzi, Solomon bex-Elijakim, ofRovigo, a Jew- ish writer noted as the author of XT^nn nrS'2, or Claiis Gemarica, or rather methodology of the Talmud, in six chapters. It was translated into Latin with notes bj- Chr. Hen. Ritmeier (Helmstiidt, 1697), and republished in Hnr. Jak. Bashuysen's Cldvis Talmudica maxima (Hanau, 1714). See Fiirst, Bibl. Jud. i, 281 ; De Rossi, Dizionarto storico degli nufori Ebrei (Germ, transl. by Hamburger), p. 256 ; Wolf, BihI. Hebr. vol. i and iii, No. 1958 ; Jocher, Gelehrten-Lexikon, contin- ued by Rottermund, v, 1516.
Paoletti, FEnniNANDO, an Italian theologian of note, was born at Alia Croce, in Tuscany, in 1717. He studied theology at Florence, and in 1746 was made rector in Villamagna, where he labored for the remainder of his life. He died in 1801. Paoletti several times re- fused episcopal dignity, preferring the quiet labors of his parish to the exacting work of a diocese. He was noted not only as a devoted priest, but also as a most zealous promoter of agricultural science in his rural district.
Paoli, Sebastian, an Italian ecclesiastic, was born in 1G84 at Lucca: entered the Order of the Mother of God ; in 1729 was appointed general procurator of the congregation ; afterwards rector of the college of St. Brigitta at Naples, where he died in 1751. He was one of the most famous antiquarians of his times. He wrote, Delia poesia de' S. Padri Greci e Latini ne' primi secoli della chiesa (Naples, 1714) : — Codice diplomatico delsagre militare orditie Gerosolemitano oggi di Malta, etc. (Luc- ca, 1733-1738, 2 vols, fol.), which is very important for the history of the Knights of Malta. He also publish- ed a good edition of the Orations of Peter Chrj-sologus (Venice, 1750). — Thcologisches Universal-Lexikon, s. v.
Paolini, Pietro, an Italian painter, was born at Lucca in 1603. He went early to Rome, where he en- tered the school of Angclo Caroselli. Under him Pao- lini acquired a manner that sliows correct drawing, and a style of coloring more resembling that of the Venetian than the Roman school, uniting the richness and har- mony of Titian and Pordenone. Lanzi says his Mar- tyrdom of St. A ndrew, in the church of S. Michele at Lucca, and the grand picture, sixteen cubits long, in the library of S. Frediano, would alone be sufficient to im- mortalize this painter. The latter work represents the pontiff .S7. Gregory entertaining some Pilgrims. It is a magnificent picture, ornamented in the style of Vero- nese, with a grand architectural perspective, full of figures, and possessing a variety, harmony, and beauty that have induced many to extol it. He also excel- led in cabinet pictures of conversations and rural fes- tivals, which arc numerous at Lucca. Baldinucci espe- cially commends two pictures of the Massacre of Val- destaiii, in the possession of the Oresetti family, and
remarks that he had a peculiar talent for tragic themes. He was accused of licing too energetic, and censured for making the action of his females too strong. To prove the contrary, and to show that he pursued his method from choice, and that he was not inferior to his rival Biancucci in his own style, he painted his large work in the church of the Trinity in the graceful style. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine Arts, ii, 650, 651.
Paolini, Pio Fabio, an Italian painter, was born at Udine. He early went to Rome to study under Pie- tro da Cortona, and there acquired considerable reputa- tion for some historical works, especially for his fine fresco of San Carlo, which adorns the CoVso. In 1678 he was elected a member of the Academy of St. Luke, lie afterwards returned to his native city, where he executed several altar-pieces and other works for the churches, which Lanzi says entitled him to a high rank among the followers of Cortona. He also painted much for the collections. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine Arts, ii, 651.
Paolo Cagliari. See Paolo Veronese.
Paolo, Maestro, of Venice, a noted painter, much devoted to sacred art. Lanzi says is the earliest painter in the national maimer (i. e. different from the Greek artists of the time), of whom there exists a work with the indisputable name of its author. It is in the church of S. Marco at Venice, consisting of a tablet, or, as it is otherwise called, ancona, divided into several com- partments, representing the figure of a dead Chiist, ifith some of the Apostles, and historical incidents from the holy evangelists. There is inscribed underneath, " Magister Paidus cum Jacobo et Johanne filiis fecit hoc opus." There is no date upon it, but Zanetti found his name recorded in an ancient parchment bearing the date 1346. Sig. Morelli also discovered a painting in the sacristy of the conventuali at Viccnza, inscribed " Paulus de Venetiis pinxit hoc opus, 1333." See Spoon- er, Biog. Ilist. of the Fine A rts, ii, 651.