Tlist. of Djctr. (Index in vol. ii) ; id. Kirchengesch. vol. V. (J. H. W.)
Papist (Lat. p:ipista, i. e. an adherent of the pope) is generally ajiplied with some admixture of contempt to Roman Catholics. Of itself, the name Papist im- plies nothing more than that he is an adherent of the pope ; but in its popular use it includes all the dis- tinctive doctrines of the Roman Catholics, and espe- cially those which are supposed to be peculiarly cher- ished by the supporters of the papal authority. It is therefore, in many cases, held to be synonymous with the profession of the most extreme opinions permitted in the Church of Rome, and even those which are pop- ularly regarded as superstitious. Understood literally, no consistent Roman Catliolic would disclaim it ; but in the imputed signilicatiou explained above it is held to be offensive.
Pappati, a name for the New-Year's-day festival among the Parsees, which is celebrated in honor of Yezdegird, the last king of the Sassanide d3nasty of Persian monarchs, who was dethroned by caliph Omar about A.D. 610. The ancient Persians reckoned a new a;ra from the accession of each successor, and as Yezdegird had no successor, the date of his accession to the throne has been brought down to the present time, making the current year (1876) the year 1236 of the Parsee chronolog3^ On the Pappati, the Par- sees rise early, and either say their prayers at home or repair to their fire temples, where a large congrega- tion is assembled. After prayers they visit their re- lations and friends, when the Jfamma-i-jour, or joining of hands, is performed. The rest of the daj- is spent in feasting and rejoicing, till a late hour at night. It is customary on this day to give alms to the poor and new suits of clothes to the servants. See Gardner, Faiths of the World, ii, 615.
Pappenlieim, Salomon ben-Seligjiann, a very eminent Hebrew grammarian and lexicographer, was born in 1740 at Breslau, where his distinguished attain- ments and great piety secured for him the rabbinate of the Jewish community. He died IMarch 4, 1814. The work which has immortalized his name is a lexicon of the Hebrew synonyms of the Bible, entitled The Curuiins of Solomon (n^'b'li mri-i) (3 vols. 4to). The first volume, which was published at Dyhrenl'orth in 1784, consists of an introduction and three parts or sections, subdivided into forty-nine paragraphs. The introduc- tion (i-xi) contains a grammatical dissertation (rSD'n
n^sn^n i"xi nnD-i iinSTOsn n^nix); the first
part (p. 1-33), consisting of seven paragraphs, treats on those words wliich denote time, or on such substantives, adjectives, and verbs as express the idea of beginning, end, hurrying, tarrying, youth, age ; the second part (p. 33-6G), consisting of eleven paragraphs, treats on those words which denote space, or on expressions con- veying the idea of place, even, straight, uneven, crooked, way, neighborhood, etc. ; while the third part (p. 6G-1 18), consisting of tliirty-one paragraphs, embraces words which convey the idea of motion in its various modifi- cations, e. g. going, flying, springing, flowing, etc. The second volume, which was published at Redelheim in 1831, after the death of the author, with notes by the celebrated Wolf Heidenheim (q. v.), consists of an intro- duction and four parts, subdivided into twenty-six par- agraphs. The introduction (p. 1-8) contains a psy- chological treatise (035 ^L'SSH miirppn 1S1X '^'S rjisn); the first part (p. 9-39), consisting of fourteen sections, treats on words which express the idea of speaking or utterance in its various modifications; the second part (p. 39, 40) discusses words which denote hearing; the third part (p. 40-57), consisting of twelve sections, treats on words which refer to sight ; while the fourth part (p. 57-75), consisting of twenty-three .sec- tions, treats on words which relate to the touch and smell. The third volume, which was published at
PAPPUS
640
PAPUA
Dyhrenfiirth in 1811, consists of a general introduction and one jiart. suhilivided into (iriy-sevcn sections, and
treats on (^nixb-cH >x r.iDn-^r.rn n-isn-'j n^sc)
those synonyms which convey the idea oi action. The importance of this worli can hardly be overrated. It is the onl\^ lexicon wliich embraces the synonyms of the whole Biblical Hebrew, as the contributions of Wessely, Luzzato, and others to this department are con- tined to single groups of words. Pappenheim's marvel- lous mastery of the Hebrew style, his keen perception, refined taste, critical acumen, and his philosophical mind, pre-eminently titled him for tliis task. He also wrote a lexicon, or treatise, embracing tliose words and particles which are formed from the letters "ITJ'CXn, entitled n"2PUJ pCH, The Delight of Solomon, of which, however, only one part appeared (Breslau, 1802) ; and he has left in MS. A Critico-etymolofjicul and Synont/m- icul Ilebreio Lexicon, which has not as yet been pub- lished. See Geiger, in the Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenldndischen Gesellschaft (Leipsic, 18G3), xvii, 325 sq. ; Flirst, Bihliotheca Judaicu, iii, 04, etc. — Kitto, Cy- clop. Bib. Lit. s. v.
Pappus, Joii.VNN, Dr., a Lutheran divine, was born Jan. 16, 1549, at Lindau, on the Bodensee. He studied theology at Tubingen and Strasburg. In 1570 he was appointed professor in Hebrew and minister in Strasburg ; in 1578 professor of theology and pastor of the Miinster. After the death of Dr. Marbach, his former teacher, he was appointed president of the church-convents, and in this position he succeeded in causing not only a Lutheran liturgy, but also the For- mula of Concord (q. v.) to be adopted, thus giving the Lutheran doctrine a strong footing in Strasburg. For twenty-nine years he presided over the Strasburg Church, but he was more feared than loved. He was as severe against Papists as against Calvinists, and against the former he wrote Contradictiones doctorum nunc Roman(e ecclesim, judice et teste Rub. Bellarmino (Strasburg, 1597). His motto was Adfinem si qitis se- parat, ilk sapit. He died Julj' 13, 1610. He is the author of an excellent hymn, Ich hab' mein Sach Goit heimgcstellt (Engl, transl. by Miss Winkworth, Lyra