Pardies, Ignace Gaston, a French Jesuit, much noted for his attainments in philosophy, mathematics, and belles-lettres, was born, of distinguished parentage, at Paris in 1G36. After due training at the schools in Paris, he conceived the purpose of entering the Society of Jesus, and joined the order in 1652. For several years lie was employed as instructor in polite literature. His leisure he employed in speculative studies, and soon came to be noted for his mastery of the Cartesian phi- losophy. Pardies claimed not only to have mastered Des Cartes's views, but to have improved upon that system. He died in 1673, before he had really devel- oped his own philosophical theories into a system, and there is not enough extant in his writings to judge of him as an original mind. Pardies had the reputation in his own day of a writer much cultivated, and with a neat and concise expression and pure diction. He had a dispute with Sir Isaac Newton regarding his .V«« Theory of Light and Colors in 1672. His works are not of interest to us. A list of them is given in Iloefer, Nour. Biog. Generale, xxxix, IflO, 191. See also Bayle, Hist. Diet. s. V. ; Niceron, Meinoires, vol. i and ix ; Chaui'epie, Nouv. Diet, histor. s. v. (J. H.W.)
Pardo, a Jewish family, several members of which have become distinguished as rabbins and writers.
1. Abraham, a j'ounger brother of Isaac, also a learned and pious man, who died at Jerusalem.
2. David (1). third son of Joseph (1). went with his father to Amsterdam, and officiated there, while his father was yet alivo, as rabbi of the synagogue Beth Israel, which was built in 1618. Through the efforts of David Pardo, in 1039, the three synagogues were united to form from that time forward one single and inseparable community of Spanish and Portuguese Jews. In the same year a rabbinical school, "Talmud Thora," was established, which attained to eminence, and where Saul
Levi Morteira, Menasse ben-Israel, Isaac Aboab, and David Pardo lectured. Pardo published the Sjjanish translation of the r"2>n n3"n, by Zaddik ben-Jo- seph Formon, the Compendia dos Dinim (Amst. 1610), which was also printed in Hebrew letters, in a new edi- tion. He died in 1652, leaving behind two sons, Joseph and Josijahn.
3. David (2), perhaps a descendant of Isaac Pardo (a son of Isaac, according to FUrst, who seems to con- found this David with David Pardo, No. 1), lived at Spalatro in the last century, and distinguished himself as a writer. He wrote, inb b'^^H'TC, a super-commen- tary on Kashi's commentary on the Pentateuch (Venice, 1760) : — "inb D'^aumj, a commentary on the Mishna (ibid. 1752) : — *Tl"l "^lOn, a commentary on the six or- ders of the Tosefta (Livorno," 1790) :— mnb crZ'O, a collection of decisions (Amst. 1756) : — T'.lb nii;";^.
4. Isaac, son of Joseph (I), was known for liis piety, in which he surpassed his father. At Salonica, his native place, he was president of the Jewish college li"S"i nj"'w"', and acquired reputation as a good preacher. Towards the end of his life he went to Scopia, in order to be near his sons, where he died shortly after his ar- rival.
5. Jacob (1), son of David (2), was rabbi at Eagusa, and wrote, -P"^ rbT'ip, a commentary on the earlier prophets, viz. Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings (Yen- ice, 1784) : — ")Vw5 NS"^, praj'ers and religious poems (ibid. 1800) : — 1!;"iN3 tlPllP, prayers occasioned by the earthquake at Eagusa (ibid. 1780).
6. Jacob (2) Ciiajim (ben-David Samuel hen-Jal: hen-Dar.) was born at Ragnsa in 1818, He was edu- cated at the university in Padua, and was noted for his remarkable attainments. When eighteen years of age he wrote fll'^M 3" ^1N2, a commentarj- on Micah ; reprinted in S. D. Luzzatto's "pT-t ''"aS, as well as Pardo's "cinque discorsi." He died in 1839, when about to enter upon his official duties as rabbi at Verona. Pardo's death was regarded as a great loss to the Jew- ish community. D. Chan. Vitcrbo and Jos. Almanzi gave vent to their feelings in two poems, which were published (Prague, 1839). Though Pardo died so young, he was yet distinguished for his oratorical talent, and the Jews looked upon him as one of tlieir ablest men in the pulpit. After his decease five of his discourses were published.
7. JosKPH (1) of Salonica, where his parents had set- tled after the exi)ulsion from Spain. When the Portu- guese Jews, who had found a new home at Amsterdam, had increased to a community, they called Joseph Pardo to be the spiritual leader of the synagogue Beth Jacob, so called after Jacob Tirado, its founder. By his efforts, and with the help of Jacob Coronel, of Hamburg, in the year 1615 the foundation w^as laid of the afterwards fa- mous orphan asylum, the Hermandad de los llucrfanus, of Amsterdam. Joseph Pardo died Feb. 10, 1619.
8. JosKPH (2), son of David (1), succeeded his father in the rabbiship, and afterwards went to London, where he wrote his "ilHIi '^rO'i2,- "The Pure Table," an abridgment of the Jewish rites, of which many editions have appeared. He died before 1680. His son Da- vid (3), who likewise officiated as rabbi at London, pub- lished the '^inu 'n?!:; at Amsterdam, dedicating it to the vestry of the London congregation.