Peck, Solomon, D.D., another Baptist minister, was born at Providence. R. I., in 1800; graduated at Brown University in 1<S17, and served his alma mater as tutor. He spent four years in Andover Theological Seminary, one year as a resident graduate, and was elected in 1825 to a professorship in Amherst College. He was an instructor in Brown University in 1834-5, but declined a professorship offered to him, and urged upon him by Dr. Wayland. He was appointed in 1836 assistant corresponding secretary, and in 1838 corre- sponding secretary of the American Baptist Missionary Union, holding the office till 1856. During his period of service as secretary he visited the Baptist missions on the continent of Europe, and also, as one of a depu- tation, visited the missions in Southern India and in Burmah. He was pastor of a colored Church at Beau- fort, S. C, from 1861 to the close of the war, and was chaplain of the Disabled Soldiers' Home, Boston, and secretary of the Freedmen's Aid Society. He died at Rochester, N. Y., in 1874. (L. E. S.)
Peckam, John. See Peckiiam.
Peckham, John, D.D., a noted English prelate of the Middle Ages, was a native of Sussex, and of very humble parentage. He was born probably in 1240. He received his early education in the poor-school of the Cluniac monks of Lewes. He then went to Oxford, and was there a favorite student of St. Bonaventura. To continue his theological studies, Peckham also went to Paris University, and had the honor to be a doctor of both these schools. He also made the tour of all the Italian universities, and in the pope's own palace lect- ured on sacred letters to a crowd of bishops and cardi- nals who were proud to be his attentive listeners, and who every day, as he passed through their ranks to his pulpit, arose from their seats to show him reverence. He subsequently became a iMinorite friar, but was sud- denly drawn from his retirement by the pope in 1278, and elevated to the archbishopric of Canterbury. The crown did not oppose the appointment, and Peckham so zealously discharged the duties of the primacy that all parties in England esteemed him. He began his ad- ministration by calling a provincial synod, and among its most memorable acts is the one enjoining every par- ish priest to explain to his Hock the fundamentals of the Christian faith, laving aside all the niceties of school distinction. Peckham not only visited his whole diocese, but travelled over the greater part of England, inform- ing himself of the exact state of ecclesiastical affairs in
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the country. He also took an active interest in the university reform at Oxford. He was such a rigid dis- ciplinarian that he made many enemies, and was by them accused of a too great love of monev, and of having favored his own family in the disposition of offices. But these cliarges seem unreasonable when we consider his simplicity of character and habits, and his studious ap- plication to the wants of all, poor or rich, exalted or hum- ble. Thus he hesitated not to remonstrate with king Edward I for his tyranny, and to rebuke the great earl of Warren for allowing his deer and cattle to trample down a poor man's field of corn. It is a significant fact that he alwa}'s retained a prebend attached to the see of Lyons, in case he might at any time be forced to quit England; and Godwin tells us that after Peckham's time this benefice continued to be annexed to the see of Canterbury, in order to provide against the case of the more than probable exile of the primates. He died in 1292. He is spoken of in appearance as " stately in gesture, gait, and outward show, yet of an exceeding meek, facile, and liberal temper" (Harpsfield). Arch- bishop Peckham was a voluminous writer. Besides his theological and scholastic works, there are poems, treatises on geometry, optics, and astronomy, others on mystical divinity, others on the pastoral office intended for the use of the parochial clergy, and some apparently drawn up to facilitate the instruction of the poor. His most important works are, Pithsani Archiepi-Canthua- riensis, Ordinis fratnun minorum, liber de oculi morali (s. 1. et a. ; but published by A. Sorg., c. 1475, fol.) : — Perspectiva Communis (Venice, 1504, 4to; Norimb. 1542, 4to ; Paris, 1556, 4to ; Colon. 1592, 4to) -.-De Sum- ma Tfinitaie, et Fide Catholica (Lond. 1510, 16mo): — Collectanea Biblioi-um, libri quinque (Colon. 1510, 1591 ; Paris, 1514). See Hoefer, Noiiv. Biog. Generale, s. v.; Wood, Annuls; Wharton, Aiu/lia Sacra; Ar- ckwol. vol. X ; Churton, Ilisf. of the Early Enr/lish Church, p. 370 sq. ; Collier, Eccles. Hist, of England, vol. i, bk. V, p. 484 ; Fleury, Hist. EccUsiastique, xviii, 5G2 ; Green, Short Ilist. of the English People, p. 174. (J.H.W.)
Pecori, Domenico Aretino, a painter of Arczzo, who flourished about 1450, studied under Don Bartolo- mco della Gatta, and afterwards improved himself by studying the works of other masters. In the parochial church of his native city is a picture by him of the Virgin receiving under her mantle the people of Arezzo, who are recommended to her protection by their patron saint. Lanzi saj-s it is a judicious composition, en- riched with good architecture, the airs of the heads re- sembling those of Francia. He used less gilding than was usual at the time. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, ii, 667.