PENNA
898
PENNAFORTE
vania, and the province administered by roj-al govern- ors until IG'.tl, wlicn he was reinstated as proprietor. In IGDC ho married a second time, taking for his wife Han- nah Callowhill. In 1G99 he embarked with liis family for his territories, with the intent of ])ermanently resid- ing there. He stayed only two years. The English ministry had presented to the House of Lords a bill to subject all the proprietary governments to the perfect control and authority of the crown. Pcnn's friends succeeded in postponing its discussion. His return and presence prevented it from being passed. The remain- ing period of his life he spent in England, employing tongue and pen in the service of civil and religious libertv ; maintaining an active correspondence witli his representatives and agents in his American province, for which he had an anxious care. The succession of queen Anne, the Protestant daughter of the Catholicizing James II, procured for him a certain favor and patronage at court, but he rarely availed himself of this advantage. The losses and great expenses incurred during the last years caused him financial embarrassments — a heavy burden and a source of chagrin, as the provincial assem- bly, to which he applied for relief, ungratefuUj' refused to come to his aid. He was obliged to contract a mort- gage of £G6,000 on his transatlantic territories. In 1712 he himself proposed to the English government to sell his right and title to them ; but before the business was closed, overcome by labors and cares, he had three con- secutive attacks of apoplexy, the last of which deprived him almost entirely of memorj'; but his cheerful and benevolent disposition and the amenity of his conver- sation Avere apparent to the last. He died at his coun- try-seat of Kushcombe, Buckinghamshire, July 30, 1718. His remains were buried near the Friends' meeting- house at Jordans. The plain recital of his doings is his best eulogy.
Besides the treatises already named, Penn wrote and published the following, which are all controversial: A seasonable Caveat against Popery (1070): — Truth res- cued from Imposture (1G71) : — The Spirit of Truth Vin- dicated (1G72): — Quakerism a Xeto Nickname for Old Christianity (1G73): — England's Present Interest Consid- ered (1674). His collected writings, with a biographj-, were published in 172G at London, and in 1782 in 4 vols. See Marsillac, Vie de Guillaume Penn (Paris, 1791) ; Clark- son, Alemoirs of the Private and Public Life of William Penn (Lond. 1813, 2 vols.; new ed. 1849, with a preface by W. E. Forster, which deserves particular attention as containing a refutation of some of the calumnies started against him by Macaulay) ; Hepworth Dixon, William Penn, a Historic Biography from New Sources (2d ed. Lond. 1853) ; Paget, Inquiry into the Evidence of the Charges brought by Lord Macaulay against William Penn (Edinb. 1858) ; Janney, Life of Pnm (Piiilad. 1852). See also Kanke, Englische Geschichte, vol. v; Weingaxten, Revolutions-Kirchen Englands (Leips. 18G8), p. 405-421 ; Janney, Hist, of the Friends, vol. iii ; Skeats, Hist, of the Free Churches of England, j). 81, 82, 153, 315 ; Neal, Hist, of the Puritans; Stoughton, Eccles. Hist, of England, vol. i and ii ; jSIarsden, Hist, of the Churches and Sects of Christendom. For a full account of Penn's ^vrit- ings, and of those relating to him, see especially Joseph Smith's Catalogue of Friends' Hooks, ii, 282-326; Alli- bone, Diet, of Hrit. and Amer. Authors, ii, 1551-1553. See also the excellent article in Thomas, Hiog. Diet. s. V. ; Quarterly Review of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, April, 1863, art. ii ; Christian Review, xvii, 555 ; Westminster Revieic, October, 1850; Littell's Living Age, March 28, 184G, art. vii. (C. 15.)
Penna, Francois -Horace della, an Italian missionary, was born in UWO at Alacerata, States of the Church. Having entered the Order of the Capuchins vrhile j'oung, he was in 1719 appointed chief of a mis- sion destineil to cvangeli/e Thibet, and went to Lassa with twelve of his brethren. After several years of apostolic labors, Delia Penna, seeing his mission reduced to only three monks, returned to Rome in 1735 to ask for
new reinforcements, and upon his recital the Congrega- tion of the Propaganda associated with him nine otiier Capuchins, with whom he departed in 1738, loaded with presents, and bearing two pontidcal briefs for the king of Thibet and the grand lama. Tliey arrived in Thibet in 1741, and commenced their preaching; and it was upon the instruction furnished by Della Penna that the Congregation of the I'roiiaganda published in Italian Relation of the Commencement (f the Present State of the Kingdom (f Thibet and its Neighbors (Rome, 1742, 4to). It is not necessary to take literally the recital of the conversions that Delia Penna jiretends to have made; what he relates in this respect nuist be accepted only as an inventory. He died July 20, 1747, in Patau, Nepaul. We owe to this missionary, who had studied Thibetan under a doctor at Lassa, several manuscript fragments, by which father Giorgi has profited in the publication of liis Alphabetum Tibetanuni (1742, 4to). It is also from the designs of Della Penna that the Thibetan char- acters of the Propaganda have been engraved. See Let- tres edif. et cur. ecrites des Missions etrangeres ; Ke- rn usat, Recherches Tartares, i, 344 Iloefer, Nouv. Biog.