Penni, Luca, another Italian artist and brother of the preceding, was born at Florence about 1500. Or- lando says that Luca also studied in the school of Raf- faelle. According to Vasari, Luca united himself to Pierino del Vaga. and worked with him in the churches at Lucca, (ienoa, and other cities; he afterwards accom- panied Rosso into France, and ultimately passed into England, wliere he was employed for some time by Henry VIII. On his return to Italy he is said to have quitted painting for engraving. There are quite a luimber of prints attributed to him, mostly after the works of Rosso and Primaticcio. Among them are the fallowing : Susanna and the Elders ; Abraham sacrific- ing Isaac, after Primaticcio; The Marriage of St. Cath- arine, ditto. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine Arts, ii, ()70.
Pennington, J. "W. C, D.D., a Presbyterian min- ister (c(}lored), was born in 1800. He was born a slave, but escaped from his condition of servitude at the age of twentj'-one years, and found his way to New York, where he was assisted in his studies for the ministry hy the Presbyterian Church, under the care of Dr. Cox. He was subsequcnth^ settled at Hartford, and later over the Shiloh Presbyterian Church, New York. He re- ceived the degree of D.D. from the L^niversitv of Hei-
delberg, Germany. For two or three years previous to his death he labored with great zeal and success among the freedraen in Florida. He died at Jacksonville Oct. 22, 1870.— Apiileton, .1 nnual Cyclop, x, 580.
Pennington, Montagu, an English divine of some celebrity, was born about 17C3, and was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, where he took his M.A. in 178-1:. He was vicar of Northbourne and Shoulden, and perpetual curate of St. George's Chapel, Deal. He was also a magistrate for Kent and the Cinque Ports. He died April 15, 1849. He published Pedemption, or a View of the Pise and Progress of Christianity (1811) ; and, besides several minor literarj' labors, prepared a memoir of his aunt, Mrs. Elizabeth Carter, the poetess, and published it with a collection of her poems, essays, etc. (Lond. 1807, 4to ; 1808, 2 vols. 8vo). See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A nth. s. v.
Pennington, Thomas, a brother of the preced- ing, also an English clergyman, was born about 1770, and was educated under his very learned aunt. After taking holy orders, bishop P()rteus, who was the friend of Mrs. Carter, presented Thomas Pennington with the rectory of Thorlej^, Herts. He became also chaplain to Lord Ellenborough. He died about 1850, His pub- lications are ol' little interest now.
Pennone, Rocco, a distinguished Lombard archi- tect, flourished at Genoa in the IGth century. IMilizia does not mention his instructor, but he warmly com- mends Pennone's abilities, as evinced in the enlargement of the government palace at Genoa, particularly in the arrangement of a grand portico, flanked by two courts, which, although differing in size, satisfy the eye by their perfect symmetry. These courts are surrounded by two orders of galleries, the first supported by Doric and the second by Ionic columns. Among the other works of Pennone is a part of the church of St. Sacra- mento, which he completed after the designs of Gale- azzo Alessi. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, ii,G7I.
Penny. In the A. V., in several passages of the New Test., "penny," either alone or in the compound "pennyworth," occurs as the rendering of the Greek oi]vapio}', a transfer of the name of the Roman denarius (Matt, xviii, 28 ; xx, 2, 9, 13 ; xxii, 19 ; Mark vi, 37 ; xii. 15; xiv, 5; Luke vii, 41 ; x, 35; xx, 24; John vi, 7; xii, 5; Rev. vi, 6). It took its name from its being first equal to ten "asses," a number afterwards increased to sixteen. The earliest specimens are of about the com- mencement of the 2d century B.C. From this time it was the principal silver coin of the commonwealth. It continued to hold the same position under the empire until long after the close of the New-Testament canon. In the time of Augustus eighty-four denarii were struck from the pound of silver, which would make the stand- ard weight about GO grains. This Nero reduced by strilving ninetj—six from the pound, which would give a standard weight of about 52 grains, results confirmed by the coins of the periods, which are, however, not ex- actly true to the standard. The drachm of the Attic talent, which from the reign of Alexander until the Roman domination was tlie most important (ireek stand- ard, had, by gradual reduction, become equal to the denarius of Augustus, so that the two coins came to be regarded as identical. Under the same emperor the Roman coin superseded the Greek, and many of the few cities which yet struck silver money took for it the form and general character of the denarius, and of its half, the quinarius. In Palestine in the New-Test, pe- riod, we learn from numismatic evidence, that denarii must have mainly formed the silver currency. It is therefore probable that in the New Test, by ^pax/^if} and op-yiJiOior, both rendered in the A. V." piece of sil- ver," we are to understand the denarius. See Drachma. The cicpaxfiov of the tribute (Matt, xvii, 24) was prob- ably in the time of our Saviour not a current coin, like the cyraTiip mentioned in the same passage (ver. 27).