13. St. Sebastian standing by a Tree, his hands tied above his head ; 14. St. Jerome kneeling before a Cruci- fix, the lion behind him; 15. St. Roch: on the right hand the first person of the Trinity is blessing him ; 16. St. Margaret seated on a lai-ge winged Dragon, holding in one hand a cornucopia, and in the other a cake. Bartsch calls this subject Providence. See Spooner, Biog. IJist. of the Fine A i-ts, ii, 673.
Peregrino, Bonaventura (originally Serach YoM Ton, or Salomo Navarra), a convert from Juda- ism, was born about 1643 at Casale, not far from the famous Spanish monastery at Montferrat. He was baptized at Bologna Jan. 18, 1665, on which occasion he took the name under which he was afterwards known. According to the spirit of his age, Peregrino endeavored to demonstrate the nn'steries of Christian- ity from the letters of the Old Testament according to the rules of the Cabala (q. v.), and wrote in Italian Pretioso Giojello sopra il nome di Dio Tetragrammaton, which, however, has never been published. — "Wolf, BihJ. Ilebr. i, 360 sq. ; iii, 247; Kalkar, Israel u. die Kirche, p. 80.
Peregrinus, Proteus, a cynic philosopher, who was a native of Parium on the Hellespont, and flour- ished in the reign of the Antonines. After a j'outh spent in debaucher)' and crime, he visited Palestine, where he embraced Christianity, and by dint of hy- pocrisy attained to some authority in the Church. In order to gratifj' his morbid appetite for notoriety, he contrived to be imprisoned ; but the Roman governor,
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perceiving the object, disappointed Peregrinus bj' set- ting iiim free. He now assumed the cynic garb and returned to his native town, where, to obliterate the memory of his crimes, he divided his inheritance among the popuhice. He again set out on his travels, rely- ing on the Christians for his support ; but being dis- covered profaning the ceremony of the Lord's Supper, he was excommunicated. He then went to Egypt, where in the garb of a mendicant cj'nic he made him- self notorious bj' the open perpetration of the most disgusting obscenity. Thence he proceeded to Rome, and endeavored to attract attention bj' his ribaldry and abuse, for which he was expelled by the prafecius urbis. His next visit was to Elis, where he tried to incite the people against the Eomans. Having ex- hausted all the methods of making himself conspicu- ous, he at length resolved to procure himself an im- mortal name by submitting to voluntary death, in im- itation of Hercules. He went to the Ol3'mpian games, and in the presence of a vast concourse of spectators raised a funeral pile, and there carried his mad reso- lution into effect, in the 23Gth Olj'mpiad, A.D. 165. The Parians raised a statue to his memory, which was reputed to be oracular (Anaxagoras, quoted by Va- lois. Ad. Amm. Marcell.). Lucian, who knew Pere- grinus in his youth, and who was present at his strange self-immolation, has perhaps overcharged the narra- tive of his life (Lucian, De Morte Pertgrini, Amm. Marc, xxix, 1 ; Philostratus, Vit. Sophist, ii, 13 ; Gel- lius, Noel. Att. xii, 11 ; Eusebius, Chron. 01. p. 236).— Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Biog. and Mythol. iii, 189. See Brucker, Historia Crilica Philosophiae (see Index) ; Enfield, Hist. ofPhilos. p. 356, 357.
Pereira, Antonio, de FicrEiREno, a learned Portuguese litterateur, was born Feb. 14, 1725, in the borougli of Macao. After having completed his stud- ies in tlie college of the Jesuits at Villa-Vicosa, he re- fused to remain among them, and, as he had a taste for music, ho accepted the situation of organist in the monastery of the Holy Cross at Coimbra. Several montlis later he took the religious habit in the Con- gregation of the Oratorio of Lisbon (1744), and was afterwards employed to teach grammar (1752), rhet- oric (1755), and tlieolog}- (1761). The publication of his first articles upon the teaching of the Latin and Portuguese languages, written with much clearness, drew upon him passionate attacks on the part of the Jesuits, who were then the elementary instructors. When the differences arose between the court of Rome and Portugal, his great reputation induced the mar- quis de Pombal to intrust to him the care of opposing the ultramontane doctrines, and he proved with great superiority, in his Tentativa Tlieologica, that the bish- ops have the right to grant all dispensations, and to provide for all the wants of the national Church with- out the aid of the holy chair. This discussion, which attracted towards Pereira as many praises as invec- tives, procured for him the employments of deput}"- to the tril)unal of censure (1768), and of interpreting sec- retary to the minister of war (1769). Obliged to live in the world, he left the dress of the Oratorio, and aided, with all the activity and penetration with which he was gifted, the prime minister in his pl.ms of reform. About 1774 he became a member of the Royal Acad- emy of Lisbon, which conferred upon him in 1792 the title of dean. "He attained," says a writer, "great favor, whicli his talents doubtless merited ; j'et he was careful to preserve it by the most pompous praises lavished either upon the king or his minister. His vast erudition rendered his conversation as agreeable as instructive. In his career his manners have been above reproach; but sensible people, while admiring his talents, could never pardon him for the forgetful- ness of ills first vows, his animosity towards the same monks who had been his first teachers, and his too great condescension to the court. He died at Lisbon Aug. 14, 1797. He composed a very large number of theo-