The East Anglian form, and those of Piddinghoe and Lewes, have been attributed to the peculiar character of the material employed, and a desire to evade the use of coigns. At Brixworth a round is attached in frout of a square tower. — Walcott, »S'</c. A rchieol. s. v.
Rounds, Nelson, a minister of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, was born in Winfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y., May 4, 1807. He was converted at the age of nine years, and graduated at Union College, New York, in 1829. On June 24, 1831, he was licensed to preach; and July 1, 1831, he was admitted on trial in the Oneida Conference. In 1836 and 1837 he was professor of an- cient languages in Cazenovia Seminary; then served as presiding elder of Caj'uga District two years, and of the Chenango District four years. In 1844 he was elected editor of the Northern Christian Advocate,\\hexe he served four years. When the Wyoming Conference was formed, he became a member of it, and labored within its bounds until 1867, when he became super- annuated. The next year he took an effective relation and was soon transferred to the Oregon Conference, and elected president of the Willamette University at Sa- lem, which position he held for two years. In 1871 he was elected by the Legislature of Washington Terri- tory as superintendent of public instruction, which of- fice he filled until within two months of his death, in Clark County, Wash. T., Jan. 2, 1874. See Minutes of Annual Confei-ences, 1874, p. 83.
Rousa, Edward D., a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born at Ithaca, Tompkins Co., N.Y., Jan. 19, 1832. He joined the Church in 1848, and studied at Lima, N. Y. In 1852 he was received on trial in the East Genesee Conference, from which he was transferred, in 1863, to the LTpper Iowa Conference. In 1866 he received a supernumerary relation, and lo- cated in 1868. In October, 1872, he entered the Cen- tral New York C<)nfereiice, and died in Westfield, Tioga Co., Pa., May 6. 1873. See Minutes of Annual Confer- ences, 1873, p. 130.
Rouse, Pi':ti;r P., a clergyman of the Reformed Church in America, and the son of a respectable farmer, was born at Catskill, N. Y., March 29, 1799. He gradu- ated at Union College in 1818, and at New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1821 ; was settled in Florida, N. Y., from 1822 to *i828; and in the First Reformed Church, Brooklyn, from 1828 to 1833. He was a good scholar, an animated, instructive, and eloquent preacher, and a thorough pastor. His brief ministry was closed by death, from hemorrhage of the lungs, in June, 1833 ; the immediate result of intense feeling produced bj' a pastoral visit to an afHicted parishioner. His memory is cherished with great affection in the ancient Church and denomination of which he was an ornament. He departed this life in Christian triumph. See Sprague, A nnals of the A mer. Pulpit, ix, 203. (W. J. R. T.)
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, the brilliant genius who divided with Voltaire the rule over the almost bound- less republic of French culture in the 18th centurj'. His life was restless and fidl of contradictions, but it is possible to distingidsh in it three periods.
1. The Period of Early Adventure (from his child- hood to 1749). — Rousseau was born at (ieneva, June 28, 1712. His motlier died in giving him birth, and his father early turned him over to the care of an uncle. He became first a copyist to an attorney, and then ap- prentice to an engraver on copper. He was from early childhood an insatiable reader of romances, and an en- thusiastic admirer of nature; nor is it unim])ortant to notice that at the age of nine years he had already de- voured Plutarch. The charms of nature and of a cir- culating library were too strong for his lidelity to duty. He neglected his business, was punished by his master, and ran away. At this time he first made the ac- quaintance of Madame de Warens at Annecy (his "mamma," as he was wont to term her), and was by her persuaded to become a Romanist. Compelled to
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earn his bread, lie entered the service of a noble lady, and in that condition committed oft'ences which he had the baseness to cliarge on an innocent girl. He soon returned to Madame de Warens, whose favor secured hira admission to a seminary for priests, where he re- newed the musical studies of his earlier years, but did nothing else. Thence he went to Lyons with a music- teacher, and afterwards to Lausanne and Neufchatel, in which places he endeavored to establish himself in the same profession. Various other situations were occu- pied by him in swift succession, but in the end he is found once more with Madame de Warens, who now lived at Chambery, and permitted Rousseau to lead an idyllic life on her farm at Charmettes, while at the same time sustaining improper relations with him. His growth towards culture had in tlie meantime been steady. He was acquainted with much of the current literature, even of England, and had given thought to religious questions. He now added the study of Latin and mathematics, and also of philosophy in the works of Locke, Leibnitz, Malebranche, Descartes, etc. His earliest comedies and operas were written in this peri- od, which, however, soon came to an end by reason of the failure of his healthi His relation with Madame de Warens was definitely broken off by his removal to Montpellier in 1737. After a brief sojourn in Lyons, he went to Paris, where he arrived in 1741, hoping to make his fortune through a new system of musical notation; but though his treatise was read before the Academy of Sciences, it was not approved. His next venture was an opera entitled Les Muses Galantes, which likewise proved less successful than he expected. In 1743 he was made private secretary to Count de Montaign, whom he accompanied to Venice, returning to Paris after an absence of eighteen months. With his en- trance on a lawless relation with Theresa Le Vasseur, a thoroughly uncultivated character of low antecedents and utter ignorance, whom he did not profess to love, but whom he made his wife after years of illicit con- nection, and whose parents he received into his care, the first division of his life may close.