Ruhmani, in Hindfl mythology, was the first con- sort of the god Vishnu in the incarnation of Krishna.
Ruin. The words used in the Hebrew thus ren- dered in the A. V. are very expressive. The ruin of a city by dilapidation, separating all its stones: Isa. xxv, 2, "Thou hast made of a fenced city a ruin" (or separa- tion, "^^3"C ; so of a country, Isa. xxiii, 13; n32"C, Isa.
RUINAKT
154
RUMELIN
xvii, 1; ri^3*2, Ezek. xiii, 13; xxvii, 27). Euin of strongholds by breaking them up : Psa. Ixxxix, 40, '•Thou liast brought his strongholds to ruin" (i. e. to a breaking, nplTC). This word elsewliere means terror, and expresses the alarm attendant on the taking of a fortified place. Demolished structures: Ezek. xxxvi, 35, 36 (the root is D^n, to tear down, as in Amos ix, 11; like KaTaaKanrm, Acts xv, 16; but in Luke vi, 49, it is piiy^a, a tearing).
Figuratively, ruin, a fall, or stumbling, from some cause of, or temptation to, sin : 2 Chron. xxviii, 23, " They [the gods of Damascus] were the ruin (ilVi^D'C, a stumbling-block) of him [Ahaz] and of all Israel;" so bl^aaia, Ezek. xviii, 30; xxi, 15. Ruin, destruc- tion : Prov. xxiv, 22, " Their calamity shall rise sud- denly; who knoweth the ruin (T^B, destrudion) of them both?" Ruin, a cause for repentance: xxvi, 28, "A flattering mouth worketh ruin" (iin'T''a, contrition or repentance).
Ruinart, Thiekre, a monk of the congregation of St. Maur, and a learned writer of martyrological and historical works, was born at Riieims in 1657, and en- tered the Order of St. Maur in the abbey St. Faron, at Meaux, in 1674. He was sent to the abbey St. Pierre at Corbie, to study philosophy and theology, and while there was chosen to assist Mabillon (q. v.) because of his interest in Christian archaeology. He travelled for literary purposes to Alsace and Lorraine, ami afterwards to Champagne, and, in consequence of exposure, de- stroyed his health. He died Sept. 27, 1709. His works are, .4 eta Primorum Martyrum, etc. (Par. 1689, 2 vols.) ; improved and accompanied with a brief Life of the au- thor, in a posthumous edition (Amst. 1713). The work contains, among otlier things, a refutation of Dodwell's opinion that the number of martyrs in the first three centuries was inconsiderable : — Hist. Vandal. Persecutio- nix (Par. 1694), in two parts, only the first of which was entirely composed by him: — Gregor. Episc. Turonensis Opera Omnia (ibid. 1699), preceded by the Annales Francorum, and containing the additions of Fredegard and others. This work was admitted by Dom Bouquet into his collection of the historical works of France: — Acta SS. 0. Benedict. (1701, 2 vols.), by Mabillon and himself, embracing the 6th century of the order: — An Apologie de la Mission de St. Maur (ibid. 1702), designed to prove that Benedict of Nursia and St. Maur of Gan- feuil, founder of the Order of St. IMaur, were one and the same person : — In defence of Mabillon he wrote Feci. Paris. Vindicaia adv. R. P. Barth. Gernion., etc. (ibid. 1706-12) : — He also wrote in honor of his master a Vie de D. Jean Mabillon (ibid. 1709), and issued a second edition of that author's De Re Diplomatica. Ruinart's Iter Literai'ium in Alsaiiam et Lotharingiam ; Disqui- sitio Hist, de Pallio Archiepiscopali; and Beati Urbani Papm II Vita appeared after the author's death. See Tassin, Hist. Lit. de la Congreg. de A'/. Maur. — Herzog, Real-Fncyklop. s. v.
Ruis'wick, IIerjian, a Hollander who was found guilty of circulating grossly heretical doctrines of the Manicha3an type at about the close of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century. He was apprehended in 1499, but again liberated after he had recanted. He, however, renewed the effort to introduce his views, was accused and tried before the inquisitor Jacob of Hoog- straten, and died at the Hague by fire A.D. 1512. He was charged with denying the existence of created angels, the immortality of the human soul, and a hell, and with asserting that matter is coeternal with God. He taught that Christ was not the Son of (Jod; that Moses did not receive the law from (Jod; that the Bible in both Testaments is simply a fable and a series of falsehoods, etc. See Feller, Did. /List.; Ross [.\lex.], Der Welt Gottesdienste, \\ 439 ; A llgem. Encyklopddie, by Ersch u.GrLiber,s. V. — Wet/.ir u.\\\lte, A'/rc/dWi-Lea-.s. v.
Ruiz, Juan, archpresbyter of Hita, in Spain, prob- ably flourished during the reign of Alphonso XI. He is known to have been imprisoned by the bishop of Toledo about 1333 for his zeal in attacking the laxity of discipline and worldly manners of the clergy. The most of his life was spent in Guadalajara and Hita. He wrote a humorous poem describing his adventures, which is a mixture of all kinds of measures, containing hymns, pastoral poems, and epilogues, in the confusion of which the original plan of the work is entirely lost. The style of this work has been compared in some re- spects to that of Chaucer. See Ticknor, History of Spanish Literature; Puj-maigre, Zes Vienx Auteurs Cus- tillans. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Rukmini {golden), the name of an avatar of Lakshui,who under this form was the favorite wife of Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu. See Avatar.