Ruland, Anton, a German doctor of theology and Roman Catholic divine, was born at Wtirzburg in 1809, where he also received holy orders in 1832. Having labored for some time at Kitzingen, he was called in
1836 as librarian of the Wtirzburg LTniversity, but in
1837 he was appointed pastor of Arnstein. For thirteen years he labored in this place, when, in 1850, he was re- called to Wiirzburg as first librarian. From 1848 till his death, which took place January 8, 1874, he was a member of the Bavarian House of Representatives. He wrote : Pradischer Unterricht zum erstmaligen Empfang der heiligen Communion (2d ed. Wurzburg, 1866). See the lAterarischer Hundweiser, 1872, p. 161 ; 1874, p. 48, (B. P.)
Rule the Choir, the duty of the precentor as di- rector of the musical services on greater doubles, and of the hebdomadar^' on simple feasts. The choir was ruled for the invitatory on Sundays, doubles, feasts of nine lections, and other principal feasts. Canons present at the service were said to keep choir. — Walcott, Sac. A rchceol. s. v.
Rule of Faith. See Faith, Rule of.
Rule, Gilbert, a Nonconformist divine, was sub- principal of King's College, Aberdeen, in 1651. He afterwards became curate of Alnwick, Northumberland, from which he was ejected in 1662. After the Revolu- tion he was appointed principal of the University of Edinburgh. He died about 1703. He published, the Rational Defence of Nonconformity (1689, 4to) : — Vindi- cation of the Church of Scotland (1691, 4to):— TAe Cy- prianick Bishop, etc. (1696, 4to) : — Good Old Way (1697, 4to) : — Presbyterian Goveimment, etc. See Allibone, Did. of Brit, and Amer. Authors, s, v. ; Darling, Cyclop). Bi- bliog. s. v.
Ruler OF the Feast. See Architriclinus,
RULER OF THE Synagogue. See Archisynago-
GUS.
Ruling Elders. Among Presbyterian churches there are generally two classes of elders — teaching and ruling elders. See Elder; Presbyterian Church.
Ru'mah {Ueh.Rmnah', tT^^l^, high; Sept.'Pou^a; Vulg. Ruma; Josephus, 'A[3ntiiia, Ant. x, 5, 2), a city named only in 2 Kings xxiii, 36 as the home of Pedai- ah, father of Jehoiakini's mother, Zebudah, It is prob- ably the same with Arumah (Judges ix, 41), which is identified by Schwarz (Palest, p. 158) with the modern Ramin, two miles west of Samaria. See Arujiah. Jo- sephus mentions a Rumah in (ialilee {War, ii, 7, 21). Others with less probability regard this as identical with Dinnah, one of the towns in the moinitains of Ju- dah, near Hebron (Josli. xv, 52), not far distant from Libnah, the native town of another of Josiah's wives,
Riimeliu, Georg Burkhard, a German divine, was born in 1680 at Tubingen, where, also, he studied, and was made magister in 1699. In 1706 he labored as pastor at Ober-Owisheim, in 1707 as deacon at Unter- Owisheim, and from 1735 initil his death (Jan, 29, 1746)
RUMILIA
155
RUNNER
fie was pastor at Waltdorff, near Tubingen. He wrote, Lexicon Biblicitm in quo Omnes quce V. T. leijuntur Voces, Verba scilicet ac Nomina, etc., Recensentur (Frankf. 171(5) : — Lexicon Critico-sacrum in Duus Partes Distinctum, etc. (Tubingen, 1730). See Fiirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 180 ; Jocher, (Jelehrten-Lexicon, s. v. (B. P.)
Rumilia (Rumia, or Rumina), in Roman my- thology, was the goddess of nursing mothers, whose otHce It was to cause infants to readily receive their nourishment. She was also supposed to have been nurse to Komulus and Kemus.
Ruminus, in Koman m^'thology, was an appellative oi Jupiter, signifying "the nourisher."'
Rumoldus, St., was a martyr and patron of Mech- lin. His life was tirst written by tlie abbot Theodoric about A.D. 1100, and was based on popular traditions, while the death of Kumoldus is said to have occurred in the year 775. He is represented as a native of Sco- tia, who led a pious life and resolved to convert the heathen. A later addition to the story makes him a son of king Uavid and a Sicilian princess. He jour- neyed to Home and returned to Brabant, where he gained many converts in the neighborhood of Antwerp, Lyra, and Mechlin. Count Ado received him kindh^ It is not certain tiiat he ever became a bishop. Two murderers surprised him while reciting the Psalms, and killed him to obtain money, throwing the body into a stream. Celestial lights marked the place where it lay, and led to its receiving honorable burial, while miracles before and after death attested the sanctity of the man. In about 1050 a convent of canons of St. Rumoldus was established at Mechlin, and the cathedral in that town was dedicated to him. He is commemorated June 1. See Acta SS. 3im\\,\, 1G9-266; Gestel, Hist. Archiep. Mechlin. {VI 2b); Uist.Litter.de la France, ix, 338. — Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen-Lex, s. v.
Rump (or rather tail [JT'lpN, ali/dkj) of the Sac- rifices. Moses ordained that the ruinp and fat of the sheep offered for peace-offerings should be given to the tire of the altar (Exod. xxix, 22; Lev. iii, 9; vii, 3; viii, 25; ix, 19). The rump was esteemed the most delicate part of the animal, being the fattest (see Bo- chart, Hieroz. i, 491 sq.). Travellers, ancient and mod- ern, speak of the rumps or tails of certain breeds of sheep in Syria and Arabia as weighing twenty or thirty pounds (Russell, -4 leppo, ii, 147). Herodotus says (iii, 113) that some may be seen three cubits, or four feet and a half, long ; they drag upon the ground ; and for fear thej' should be hurt, or the skin torn, the shepherds put un- der the tails of these sheep little carriages, which the animals draw after them. The pagans had also such regard for the rumps or tails that they always made them a part of their sacrifices (Diod. Sic. ii, 24). In the Description de VErpjpte (Paris, 1820, large fol.) is in- serted a plate of an Egyptian ram, remarkable for the <'uormous size of the tail, the weight of which exceeded forty-four pounds. See Sheep.