Rugen, in Hindu mythology, was a prince belong- ing to the race of children of the moon, father of the Birmaseenes, and grandfather of the Pradibes.
Rugger, Pkospek (originally Salomo Me'ir ben-Mo- ses), a Jewish scholar, was born at Novara in 1006. At the age of thirteen he was already known as a good Hebraist, and was afterwards appointed rabbi at Jerusa- lem. On June 25, 1G64, he joined the Christian Church and received the name Prosper Ruggeriiis. The date of his death is not known. While yet a member of the synagogue he wrote, Tin^m rmu, on the advent of the Messiah, which was to take place in 1676: — a com- mentary on Pirke Shiru : — a biography of Joseph Karo, Joseph della Rena, and Nahaman Kathofa. 'J'he works which he wrote after his conversion are still in manuscript. See Fiirst, Bibl. .Tud. iii, 180; Delitzsch, Kitnst, Wissenschaft n. Judenthum, p. 297 ; Jbcher, Ge- lehrten-Lexicon, iii, 379, s. v. "Mei'r ben-Mose Novara." (B. P.)
Ruggles, Henry Ed^vin, a Presbyterian minis-
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ter, was born at Newburj-, Vt., Nov. 27, 1822. He en- tered Dartmouth College, where he graduated in 1845. He spent a year in teaching the classics at Lyndon, Vt., and also at Hoosic Falls, where he remained two years, at the end of which time he entered the Union Theo- logical Seminary, N. Y., where in due course of time he graduated, and was appointed city missionary in New York. At the end of his service in this field he went South, and was appointed stated supply over a Church in St. Louis, ]Mo., which position he occupied for one year, and was ordained with a view of becoming pas- tor of the Presbyterian Church at St. Charles, Mo. Thence he came to New York, and was pastor of a Con- gregational Church at Eaton village, where he remain- ed but one year on account of sickness, which obliged him to return to his native place, where he died, Dec. 24, 185G. (W. P. S.)
Rviggles, Williairj, LL.D., a Baptist educator, was born in Rochester, Mass., Sept. 5, 1797, and was a graduate of Brown University in the class of 1820. Shortly after graduating, he went to Washington, D.C., and was appointed a tutor in Columbian College in 1822, his name being retained in the list of its faculty for forty-five years. He was appointed professor of math- ematics and natural philosophy in 1827, and discharged the duties of that office with marked ability and suc- cess till 1859, when, at his own request, he was appoint- ed professor of political economy. He discontinued ac- tive service after 1873. During four interims he was the acting president of the college. He died Sept. 10, 1877.
Prof. Ruggles was a most generous giver to the be- nevolent organizations of the denomination (the Bap- tist) with which he sympathized. "His relations with some of the Baptist missionaries in Burmah had led him to take particular interest in their labors. This was especially true of the Karen Theological School established by the late Dr. Binney, who had been his associate in Washington. In his last will and testa- ment, after certain personal bequests, he bestowed his estate upon the Baptist Missionary Union and the Bap- tist Home Missionary Society, with a residuary provis- ion for the college in whose service he had spent his entire active life." (J. C. S.)
Rugi'wit, in Wendish mythology, was a war-god of the ancient Rugians, and presumably the same as Kuretvit, since the latter is represented in a similar character (at Karenz, on the island of Riigen). Fre- quent colossal statues of stone or wood were erected to him in the different towns, in which he appeared as a being having seven faces on a single head, and as bear- ing a naked sword in his hand, while seven other swords were suspended from his person. The swallow appears to have been sacred to him, since that bird was allowed to build its nests in the eyes, months, and other lines of the different faces, and also in the folds of the scarlet cloth in which the god was usually enveloped for the purpose of preventing access to his person. At Khetra an image of this god was found which was almost na- ked and had six heads, four male and two female, be- sides the head of a lion on the breast. It has been sup- posed that a twofold deits', representing both Rugiwit and Karewit,is set forth in this image; but the two are but a single god of war. — Vollmer, Worterb. d. Mythol. s. V.
Ruha'mah [some Ru'IiamaK] (Heb. Ruchamah', t^'CXV^, finding mercy; part, of DH"i, to he merciful; Sept. translates tXfr;/t(n'?;, and so Vidg. misericordiam conseciit(i), a figurative title of Israel. When God di- rected Hosea to prophesy against the wickedness of Is- rael and .ludah, he commanded him to take to wife a harlot, the symbol of idolatry, the spiritual harlotrv of the Jews; and of her were born a daughter, named, after (iod's direction, Lo-ruhamah, "Not obtaining mercy," and a son named Lo-ammi, "Not my people" (Hosea i, 6, 9). Israel is represented by Lo-ruhamah,
Rugiwit.
Judah by Lo-ammi. Perhaps Israel is typified by the female because that kingdom was the weaker of the two, and the more completely overthrown; and Judah by the male because from Judah the Messiah was to de- scend according to the flesh. Subsequently Hosea says (ii, 1), " Sav ye unto your brethren, Ammi [my peo- ple] ; and to your sisters, Ruhamah" [ having obtained mercy], thus promising God's reconciliation to the peo- ple on their repenting and seeking him; saying that he will have mercy, and they shall be his people, thus indicating the restoration of the Jewish nation after much affliction. As the promises of grace to the ob- stinate Jews are transferred meanwhile to the believing Christians, Peter applied them to the Gentile proselytes, to whom he addresses his first epistle, telling them that in time past they " were not a people, but are now the people of (Jod, which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy" (1 Pet. ii, 10). Paul also dis- tinctly applies the prophecy not to the Jews only, but to the Gentiles: "That he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy . . . even on us, whom he hath caUed, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gen- tiles. As he saith also in Osec, I will call them my people which were not my people, and her beloved which was not beloved" (Rom. ix, 23-25). The word- ing in Hosea (i, 2) indicates the admission of the Gen- tiles into the participation of the promises made to the Jews. In the first instance, in the threats against Is- rael and Judah, it is a son, Lo-ammi, and a daughter, Lo-ruhamah. When the promises are given, the plural number is used; then it is brethren and sisters: not Jew only, but Jew and Gentile. See Lo-uuhamah.