Scheid, Evekard, an eminent Dutch philologist. was born at Arnheim in 1742, and became professor of Oriental literature at Leyden. He died in 1795. Among his works are, .4 n A rahic Grammar : — Dissertation on the Song of HezeJdah in Isaiah (Leyden, 1759): — Book of Genesis Revised : — Minerva, seu de Causis Latince Linr/uce, See Thomas, Biog. Diet. s. v.
Schein, Johann Hekmanx, was born Jan. 20, 1587, at Gruenhahn, near Zwickau. He studied philosophy and theology at Leipsic. Being, however, besides, an excellent musician, he was called in 1615 as precentor to the famous Thomas School at Leipsic, where he died Nov. 19, 1630. He is the author of the beautiful hymn Mach 's mit niir, Gott, nach deiner Giief (Engl, transl. " Deal with me, God, in mercy now," in the Choral Bool; No. 191). See Koch, Gesch. des deutschen Kirchenliedes, iii, 83 sq. ; viii, 624; Knapp, Evangel. Liederschatz, p. 1342, s. V. (B. P.)
Schell, Levi, a Lutheran minister, was born Sept. 9, 1823, at Berne, Schoharie County, N. Y. Having prepared himself for the ministry at Hartwick Semina- ry, he was licensed in 1853, and accepted a call as pas- tor of St. Thomas's Lutheran Church at Churchtown, N. y., where he spent twelve years and a half, laboring with all the enthusiasm and intensity of his ardent nat- ure. Ill 1866 he followed a call to the Clay and Cicero pastorate in Onondaga County, which he soon exchanged in 1867 with West Sandlake, in PkCnsselaer County. Hav- ing spent six years at West Sandlake, he accepted in 1873 a call to West Camp, where, however, his valuable and successful labors were interrupted in 1876 by sick- ness of so serious a character that he was compelled to discontinue preaching. In 1877 he again entered upon his duties, but in May, 1878, he was obliged to close his pastoral labors. He entertained the hope that he would again be enabled to resume his loved work of proclaim- ing the tidings of salvation, but his impaired constitu- tion had tiiially to succumb, and he died Dec. 27, 1878, at the age of fifty-tivc years, and after twenty-five years of arduous and successful labor iu the ministry of Jesus Christ. (B. P.)
Schelling, Fiueorich Wiluei.m .Joseph von, one of the four (Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel) great spec- ulative philosophers of modern (iermany, was born at Leonberg, near Stuttgart, in 1775. His father, though but a rural clergyman, was an eminent scholar in Oriental and Raljbinical literature. Young Schelling showed early indications of his great powers. At fif- teen he entered the University of Tiibingen, intending to make theology his profession. Here he formed au
intimate friendship with the student (afterwards rival) Hegel who was five years his senior, as also with the unfortunate poet Holderin. Lessing, Herder, and Kant were the admired heroes of these young geniuses. Also they were enthusiastically stirred by the new political ideas of the outbreaking French Revolution.
Writings. — Schelling's first attempt at authorship was his essay for his master's degree in his eighteenth year, Antiquissimi de Prima Mulorum Origine Philoso- phematise.rplicandi Gen. iii Tentamen Criticum (1792). A year later he published a paper, Ueber Mythen (on the myths and sagas of antiquity), which s-hows how deeply the religious ideas of the ancients were already occupy- ing the young scholar. The year 1794, in which Fichte began his philosophical fame at Jena, was a turning- point in the historj' of Schelling. Fichte's Wissen- schiftslehre at once set into ferment the kindred specu- lative powers of Schelling, who, from thenceforth for two decades, sent forth a rapid succession of works which have assured him a place among the great spec- ulatists of the race. Adopting Fichte's idealism, he spiritedly defended it in the following papers: Ueber die Moglichkeit einer Form der Ph ilosophie ( 1 794) : — Vom Ich als Princip der Philosophie (1795) : — Philosophische Briefe fiber Dogmatistmis und Kriticismus (1795) : — Neve Deduktion des Naturrechts (1795) : — A llgemeine Uehersicht der neuesten philosophischen Literatur (1795). These papers show a gradual advance towards independence of thought and towards the chief features of the au- thor's subsequent peculiar positions. In 1796 Schelling went to Leipsic and gave special attention to the study of phj^sics. Here he began to meditate that peculiar Philosophy of Nature which took so striking a form when he began to lecture at Jena in 1798. At first he taught side by side with Fichte; and when Fichte went to Berlin, in 1799, he remained the chief philosophical star at Jena. Hardh' could there be conceived a more favorable place for the young philosopher than Jena at this time was. It was the philosophical focus of Ger- many. Reinhold had there expounded Kant; Goethe's spirit hovered over the place ; Schiller, Humboldt, and the Schlegels were closely related to the university. Circumstances combined to invest philosophy here with an atmosphere of poetry. Schelling's Philosophy of Nature, which was partly a creature and partly a creator of this atmosphere, was therefore very enthusiastically received. It was presented in a variety of writings: Ideen zii einer Philosophie der Natur (1797) : — Von der Weltseele (1798): — System der Naturphilosophie (1799). While elaborating these works, Schelling also subjected the Fichtean philosophy of the Ego to a further devel- opment, positing the Ego as an antithesis to Nature (see his System des transcendentalen Idealismiis [1800]). But, unable to rest in this dualism, he attempted to con- ciliate the antithesis in a higher unity in his Tdentitdis- system (1801). This thought is the inspiration of a fresh series of works : Bruno, oder iiber das gottliche und das ireltliche Princip der LHnge (1802) : — Voi-lesungen iiber die Methode des akademischen Studiums (1803) : — Philo- sophie nnd Religion (1804) : — Darlegung des wahren Ver- hdltnisses der Naturphilosophie zur verbesserten Fichte'- schen Lehre (1806). How great was the influence of Schelling in this period is vividly depicted in the pages of such men as Steffens, Schubert, and Schlosser. In 1803 Schelling was called by the Bavarian government to the University of Wiirzburg; here he wrought in the same spirit as at Jena. Ou account of political changes he left this post after two years, and retired to Munich, where, in 1807, he was made secretarj^ of the Academy of Sciences.