tianity is a higher, a supernatural stream of history flowing upon the bosom of the ocean of cosmic history. He treats this history, not atomistically, but genetically. This genetic method of theologizing has become the prevalent characteristic of modern theology. Schleier- macher, Nitzsch, Rothe, Lange, Martensen, have all practiced it. Its general trait is an earnest endeavor to co-ordinate the parts into the whole, and to grasp the whole as a vital unity ; and its stimulative relation to contemporary theological thought is an evident result of this its chief trait; and that in its details it may fre- quently be erroneous, or that many of its speculations are over-presumptuous, does not destroy its value as a whole.
Few thinkers have had more enthusiastic disciples than Schelling. G. jM. Klein espoused his system of identity. J. J. Wagner defended the earlier Schelling against the so-called later. G. A. F. Ast applied his method to the study of Plato. T. A. Rixner became a fruitful student of the history of philosophy. L. Oken applied Schelling's thoughts to an elaborate philosophy of nature; Nees von P^senbeck applied them to the phj'siology of plants ; B. H. Blasche, to pedagogics an.d religious philosophy ; J. P. V. Troxlcr, to the science of cognition. A. K. A. Eschenmayer received here his fundamental inspiration. J. GiJrres adapted ScheUing to Roman Catholic tendencies. G. H. Von Schubert re- flected him in a popular Christian mysticism. K. F. Burdach made large use of his philosophy of nature. K. G. Carus represented him in psychology and crani- ology; H. C. Oersted, in physics; K. W. F. Solger, in esthetics ; H. Steffens, in general religious philosophy ; J. E. Von Berger, in the philosophy of law. F. Von Baader developed and remoulded Schelling's later views into a very rich and elaborate sj-stem of Christian the- osophy. K. C. F. Krause applied Schelling's views to general literature and freemasonry. F. G. Stahl was largely influenced by the later Schelling in his philoso- phy of law and in his discussion of the relations of Church and State. Coleridge received much inspiration from the early Schelling, and through Coleridge this in- fluence went over into the pantheistic traits of Words- worth. Agassiz was inspired by Schelling's views of nature. And many of the brilliant hypotheses which have played so large a role in modern physics — such as the metamorphosis of plants, the homologies of the skeleton, the origin of species — are really found in germ in the early works of Sclielling.
On Schelling, consult Herzog, Real-EncyMop. xiii, 503-551 ; Ueberweg, Hist, of Philosophy, vol. ii ; Ha- genbach. Hist, of Doctrine ; Hurst, Hist, of Rationalism ; Bowen, il/o(7e?7i Philosophy ; and all works on modern German speculation. (J. P. L.)
Schelling, Joseph F., general superintendent at Maulbrunn in Wiirtemlierg, was born in 1737, and dictl in 1812. Among his contributions to Biblical literature are the writings of Solomon translated into Latin, with notes (Stuttgart, 1806), and a Dissertation on the Use of the A rabic to a Thorough Knowledge of Hebrew (Stutt- gart, 1771).
Sclienck, George, a (Dutch) Reformed minister, was born at ilattewan, N. Y., Jan. 27, 1816, and gradu- ated at Yale College, August, 1837. During his boy- hood he was crippled for life bj' a severe fall while skat- ing. Hip-disease ensued in its most painful form. He was helpless for three or four years, and was never after able to walk without crutch or cane and a high boot. But this affliction was sanctified to his conversion dur- ing his collegiate life, lie studied theology in the New Brunswick Seminar}', and after graduation, in 1840, set- tled as pastor of the Reformed Cliurch of Bedminster, N. J. 'Ihis was his only charge — a very large, intelli- gent, well-trained country congregation, which has en- joyed a long succession of able ministers. Mr. Schenck was distinguished as a preacher of unusual power in the exposition of Scripture and in the application of it to
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the consciences of his hearers. He was at times brill- iant, always earnest, and '• never feared the face of clay." His tine social qualities, deep piety, and skill as a phy- sician of souls, endeared him to his people. His energy was marvellous. " What he began, he expected to do. His body was like a little craft driven by a tremendous engine; and for just that reason, no doubt, the timbers so soon fell apart. He preached, as he wrote to a friend, 'with all his might.' He was no less zealous as a pas- tor." His tastes were refined, literary, scholarl}'. But everything was bent to his life-work as a minister. In the general affairs of the Church, in the temperance cause and educational movements, he was conspicuous for " zeal with knowledge." His ministry was greatly blessed in conversions and revivals, and in the edifica- tion of the Church. He died in 1852, of palsy, which struck him down just after he came from a Sabbath afternoon lecture and a visit to a sick man. With characteristic modesty, he never but twice consented to frequent recjuests to appear in print. A Sermon on the Second Cominfj of Christ (1843) and an Address on Music (in which he was a proficient) (1849) are all of his publications. See Memorud Sermon, by Dr. T, W. Chambers; Letter of Rev. H. D. Ganse; Sprague's An- nals of the A mer. Pulpit. ( W. J. R. '1\)