Schickard, Wilhei.im, a learned German Oriental- ist and distinguished astronomer, was born at Herren- berg, near Tubingen, April 22, 1592. When he had fin- ished his theological course, he was for a while vicar in his native town, hut in 1613 returned to 'I'iibingen, and there gave lessons in Hebrew. In 1616 he was pastor at Niirtingen, continuing his studies in various lan- guages. An actiuaiiitance which sprang up between him and Kepler led to his turning his attention to math- ematics, to which he afterwards gave much of his time.
SCHINCKE
410
SCHISMS
To occupy his spare moments, he learned the art of en- graving upon wood, and made use of this acquirement in constructing a celestial globe and astronomical charts. In 1G18 he became professor of Hebrew at Tubingen, and added to his knowledge of languages by studying Syriac, Arabic, Cbaldee, Turkish, and Persian, all with- out any teacher or instruction save what he gained himself. In ir)28 he was made member of the College of Arts, and in lti"29 was elected inspector of the schools at Stuttgart. He occupied in 1631 the chair of astron- omy at Tubingen, without giving up his Hebrew pro- fessorship. After the battle of Tubingen he retired to Austria, but returned later only to meet the plague, which bereft him of nearly his entire family, and finally terminated his own life, Oct. 23, 1635. His writings are numerous, all relating either to Oriental languages or astronomy. His most valuable work is Jus Reyiuni Hebraorum, or ~3":n uJS'J'Q, especially in the edition of Carpzov (Leips. 1674). See Vita Schickardi ; Balth. W&ssiViS, Apotheosis Schiclcardi; Fiirst, Bibliotheca Ju- daica, iii, 270 sq. ; Steinschneider, Bibliographisches Handbuch, p. 125 sq. ; Catalogus Librorum Hebr. in Bibl. Bodleiana, p. 2565 ; R. Simon, Hist. Critique, p. 474 ; Diestel, Gesch. des alten Testaments, p. 322 sq., 334, 449, 501, 521 ; Hoefer, Kouv. Biofj. Generule, s. v.
Schincke, Johaxn Christian Gotthilf, a Ger- man theologian, was born in 1782 at Querfurt, and died in 1839 as pastor of Wispitz, in Anhalt-KiJthen. He wrote, Metukritische Beobackttingen iiber die premiss. Agende (Halle, 1824): — Jesus Chi'isttls, ein Erbuitnngs- buch (ibid. 1826) : — Evangelische Geschichten und Reden infrommen Dichtergnben (ibid. 1826) : — Biblische Alter- thumskunde in alphabetischer Folge (Neustadt, 1837-40): — Sammlung von auserlesenen Gebeten (Halle, 1843). See Reqensburqer Real-Encyklop. s. v.; Zuchold, Bibl. Tkeolog. n, nh. (B. P.)
Schindler, Valentin, who died in 1604, is the au- thor of the first polyglot lexicon, containing the He- brew, Chaldee, Syriac, Talmudico-Rabbinic, and Arabic. It was first published at Hanau in 1612, and in a fourth edition in 1695. Besides, he also wrote, Tractatus de Accentibus Hebr. etc. (Wittenberg, 1596) ■.^Comjiendium GrammaficcB Hebraicce (ibid. 1602; 2d ed. 1613), and oth- er linguistic treatises. See Fiirst, Bibliotheca Judaica, iii, 274; Steinschneider, Bibliographisches Handbuch, p. 127; Catalogus Librorum Hebr. in Bibl. Bodleiana, p. 2566 sq. ; Gesenius, Geschichte der hebr. Sprache, § 34; Diestel, Gesch. des alten Testaments, p. 447, 452. (B. P.)
Schinmeyer, Johann Adolf, a Lutheran divine and doctor of divinity, was born in 1733 at Stettin. Having completed his studies, he was appointed in 1757 deacon at Itzehoe ; in 1764 he was made archdeacon and professor of Oriental languages at Stettin; in 1774 he became pastor of the (ierman congregation at Stock- holm ; and in 1778 he was appointed general superin- tendent at Greifswalde. In 1779 he was called for the same office to Lubeck, where he died May 3, 1796. Be- sides his Lebensbeschreibungen der drei schwedischen Re- formaioren, j£s Kanzlers Lor. Andersen, Ola f Petersen und Lor. Petersen (Lubeck, 1783), he published Versuch einer vollstdndigen Geschichte der schwedischen Bibeliiber- setzungen und A usgaben, mit A nzeige und Beurtheiliinr; ihres Werthes (Fleusburg, 1777), the best work on the earlier Swedish Bible versions. (B. P.)
Schinner, ISIatthkw, a Romish bishop in Switzer- land, and a cardinal just l)efore the outl)reak of the Ref- ormation, was born in 1470. He studied at Zurich and Como, and became earh' noted for shrewdness and schol- arship. In 1509 he was made bishop of Sion, and soon thereafter was called into diplomatic service by Leo X. In loll he received the cardinal's hat. He intrigued against the French in Italy, and was the agent for pro- curing an army of 20,000 Swiss by which, in 1512, the French were expelled from Lombardy. For this service the pope heaped titles and wealth upon Schinner, and
gave to the Swiss for all time to come the appellation Defensores Ecclesiasficce Libertatis. Zwingli took part in the campaign, and depicted in bright colors the glory of the occasion. Schinner now made his headquarters as papal legate at Milan. Fresh dangers from France arising again, he hastened to England (1514), and en- deavored, by his Oratio Philippica ad excitundos contra Galliam Britannos, to entangle Henry VIII in war with Francis I. On his return, he inspired the Swiss to re- sist the French at Marignano. When the Reformation began in Switzerland, this cardinal-statesman gave it at first a warm greeting. Zwingli met him at Einsie- deln and Zurich, and showed him from the Scriptures his reasons for rejecting the errors of popery, and the cardinal expressed himself as very desirous of co-oper- ating in the work of renovation. When Luther's life was in danger in Germany, the cardinal joined with those who offered him safety and refuge. On reading Luther's works, he exclaimed, " Disputet Eccius quantum velit, Lutherus veritatem scribit!" But temporal in- terests held him fast to the old Church. He was even induced actively to oppose the new doctrines. His last few j'ears were spent in Rome. He died soon after as- sisting in the election of Adrian VI, Oct. 2, 1522. See Herzog, Real-Encyklop. xx, 691-694; Hoefer, Nouv, Biog. Generale, s. v, (.J. P. L.) Schinos. See Mastic.