Schirmer, Michael, a Lutheran minister, was born at Leipsic in 1606. In 1636 he was called as master of the Cirayfriars' Grammar-school at Berlin, where he died May 4, 1673. On account of his many troubles, he was called " the German Job." He is the author of some hymns, the most popular of which is his 0 heiVger Geist kehr'bei uns ein (Engl, transl. in Choral Book for England, No. 70, " O Holy Spirit, enter in"). See Diete- rich, Berlinische Kloster- und Schul-Historie (Berlin, 1752); Bachmann, ^f. Schirmer nach seinem Leben u. LHchten (ibid. 1859) ; Koch, Gesch. des deutschen Kirchen- liedes, iii, 333 sq.; viii, 8, 92; Kuapp, Evangel. Lieder- schatz, p. 1343. (B. P.)
Schism. See Heresy.
Schism Bill, an act passed in the reign of queen Anne rendering Nonconformist teachers of schools liable to three months' imprisonment. It was also laid down as imperative upon every schoolmaster that he should receive the sacrament of the Church of England, take the oaths, and teach only the Church catechism. If he should attend a conventicle, he was incapacitated and imprisoned. The queen, however, died on the very day that the act was to have received her signature, and consequently, though it had passed both houses, it fell to the ground. — Gardner, Faiths of the \Voi-ld,s.v.
Schism Oveiture, an overture which came be- fore the Scottish General Assembly of 1766, and was produced by alarm at the rapid spread of secession. The overture affirms that a hundred and twenty meet- ing-houses had been erected, and raised the question, What shall be done to remedy so great an evil? also, whether a committee might not be appointed to corre- spond with presbyteries and gentlemen of property and influence, and report ? The overture was rejected by a vote of 19 to 85. The argument turned chiefly on the law of patronage.
Schisms. Various great schisms are found in the history of the Church. There was the great schism which divided the Eastern and Western cliurches. In I lie Western Church there were early schisms — (1) the schism ofllippolytus at Rome, A.D. 220-235 [see Calix- tus; Hiitolytus] ; (2) the schism of Eelicissimus at Carthage, about A.D. 250, which was in reality an oppo- sition to the episcopal authority of Cyprian uiuler the lead of Novatus [see Novatians]; (3) the schism of Novatian, a presbyter at Rome, A.D. 251. There was also the schisjn of Meletiiis. The Popish Church was rent by a great schism iu the 14th century. Seventy
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years did the popes reside at Avignon, and after this one ])arty chose Urban VI and anotlier party Clement VII. France held by the last and EniLjland by the tirst, and for the next half century the rival popes claimed each to be the infallible head of the Church. — Eadie, Eccles. Cyclop, s. V.
Schlatter, Michael, a Swiss missionary, was born at St. Gall, July U, 1716. Educated at St. Call, he be- came a clergj-man, and in 1746 offered himself to the synods of North and South Holland as a missionary to the German Reformed emigrants in Pennsylvania. He was pastor of the Reformed churches of Philadelphia and Germantown from 1746 to 1751, and organized churches in Pennsylvania, New .Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. He effected the organization of the Sj'nod of the German Reformed Church in America in Sept., 1747. He revisited Europe in 1751, and secured six other min- isters for the United States. In 1757 he acted as chap- lain to an expedition to Nova Scotia against the French, and, espousing the cause of the colonists when the Rev- olution broke out, was imprisoned in 1777. He died near Philadelphia in October, 1790.
Schlegel, Johann Adolf, a German preacher and poet, was born at Meissen Sept. 18, 1721. His early studies were carried on at Pforte, and in 1741 he entered the Universitj' of Leipsic, where he became acquainted with Gellert, Rabener, Gaestner, and many other writers of talent. In 1744 he edited, in concert with several friends, Bremische Beitrdge and Vermischte Schriften (1744 and 1757), which aided in purifying the German literary taste. In 1751 he was professor in the school at Pforte, but in 1754 left to teach theology at Zerbst. There his sermons gained for him a fine reputation for eloquence. He became pastor at Hanover in 1759, and in 1780 was promoted to the office of ecclesiastical super- intendent. He died at Hanover Sept. 16, 1793. His poems have not been very highly esteemed, though some of his chants are yet sung in the Protestant churches of Germany. Besides these, he wrote, Sammlung einigei- Predigten (Leips. 1754-64): — Predigten iiber die Leidens- geschk'hte Jesu Christi (ibid. 1773-74, 3 vols. 8vo). His two sons, August Wilhelm and Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (q. v.), acquired great celebrity. See Schlichtegroll, Nekrolog. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Schlegel, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von, a
German author, was born in Hanover, March 10, 1772. He studied at Giittingen and Leipsic. In 1808 he, togeth- er with his wife, embraced the Roman Catholic religion, and went to Vienna, where he was appointed imperial secretary at the headquarters of the archduke Charles. He accompanied the duke to the battle-field, issuing patriotic proclamations against Napoleon. He was af- terwards secretary of the Austrian embassy till 1818. The rest of his life he spent in lecturing in Vienna and Dresden. He was especiallj- remarkai)le as a critic and thinker of great originality, and his principal works are, Gi-iechen und Ronier (1797): — Geschicbte. der Poesie der Griechen und Romer ( 1 798 ) : — Ueber die Sprache nnd Weisheit der Inder (1808) : — Voriesungen iiber die neiiere Geschichte (l^ll) ■. — Philosophie des Lebens (1828): — Philosophie der Geschichte (1829, 2 vols.): — and Philo- sophic der Sprache (1880).