Schlurick, Friedrich Julius Hermann, doctor of theology and member of the Evangelical Lutheran Con- sistory in Dresden, was born at Dresden in 1815. From 1838 to 1841 he was professor at the Kreuzschule of his native place; from 1841 to 1851 he labored in Meissen; and from 1851 he was superintendent in Pirna, where he died, June 3, 1875. See Zuchold, Bibliotheca Theol. ii, 1148 ; Thvolo<j. Jahrhuch, 1876, p. 365. (B. P.)
Schmalkald, League of, the name given to the defensive alliance concluded provisionall.y for nine years at Schmalkalden, Feb. 27, 1531, between nine Protes- tant princes and eleven imperial cities, with whom five other princes and ten imperial cities subsequentlv made common cause; and the elector of Saxony and the landgrave of Hesse were appointed chiefs of the league and empowered to manage its affairs. The ob- ject of this formidable alliance — which included the whole of Northern Germany, Denmark, Saxony, and AVurtemberg, and portions of Bavaria and Switzerland — ■was for the common defence of the religion and political freedom of the Protestants against the emperor Charles V and the Catholic states. The league was not ren- dered superfluous by the religious peace of Nuremberg in 1532; and on the rumor that the emperor was medi- tating new hostile measures against the Protestants, another meeting of the confederates was held Dec. 24, 1535, which resolved to raise a permanent army of 10,000 foot and 2000 cavalry, and to prolong the league for ten years. The confederation was further consoli- dated by articles of guarantee which were drawn up by Luther at Wittenberg in 1536, and, being subscribed by the theologians present at the meeting of the league at Schmalkalden in February, 1537, were called the A rti- cles of Schmalkald. Against the league the emperor, engaged as he was at the time in contests with the Turks and French, found himself unable to contend, though supported by the Holy League, a Catholic con- federation formed (in 1538) in opposition to the Prot- estant one. But impolitic management, mutual jeal- ousies, and conflicting petty interests dissipated their energies and prevented united action. The '• War of Schmalkald" commenced by the advance of the army of the league, under Sebastian Schiirtlin, into Swabia, to bar the approach of the imperial army from Italy. Schiirtlin forced his way to the banks of the Danube, but the miserable jealousy of the Saxon princes para- lyzed his action. The emperor, bj- a proclamation bearing date July 20, 1546, put the two chiefs of the league under the ban of the empire; Maurice, duke of Saxony, took possession of the electorate by virtue of an imperial decree; and the Protestant army was forced to retreat. The elector of Saxonj' reconquered his elec- torate in the autumn of 1546; but meantime the impe- rial army subdued the northern members of the League of Schmalkald, and advanced into Franconia to meet the combined armies of Saxony and Hesse. The latter were totally routed at Miihlberg (April 24, 1547), and both chiefs fell into the emperor's hands. This defeat, which has been ascribed to treason, and was, perhaps, as much owing to this cause as to weakness, finished the war.
The object of the league — the guarantee of the liberty of religion to the Protestants — was subsequently effect- ed by IMaurice, now elector of Saxony, who, by a brill- iant feat of diplomacy and generalship, compelled the emperor to grant the treaty of Passau (July 31, 1552), by which this freedom was secured. — Chambers's Ency- clop. s. v.
Schmaltz, Moritz Ferdinand, doctor of theology, born in 1785 at Stolpen, near Dresden, was first pastor in Wehlen. In 1816 he was called as evangelical min- ister and member of consistory to Vienna, where he remained till 1819, when he was called to the pastorate in Neustadt, Dresden, which position he occupied until 1833, when he was called to become the head pastor of St. Jacobi in Hamburg, where he died, Feb. 15, 1860, Schmaltz published a great many sermons, which make a library in themselves. See Zuchold, Bibl. Theolotj. ii, 1149 sq. ; Winer, Handbuch der theol. Literatur, i, 75; Hagenbach, Hist, of Docirines, ii, 210, 212. (B. P.)
Schmalzgruber, Franz, a Jesuit, was born in 1663 at Griesbach. He first lectured on logic and mor- al theology at Ingolstadt, then on canon-law, and died in 1735. He wrote Index Ecclesias/icus (Ingolst. 1712) : — Judicium Ecclesiasticum (ibid. 1712) : — Clerus Seecula- ris et Regularis (ibid. 1714, 2 vols.) : — Sponsalia et Ma- trimonium (ibid. 1716) : — Crimen Eori Ecclesiastici (ibid,
1718, 2 vols.): — Jus Ecclesiasticum Universum (ibid,
1719, 6 vols.; Rome, 1833-45, 12 vols.): — Coiisilia seu Responsa Juris (Ingolst. 1722, 2 vols.). See Regensbur- ger Real-Encyhlop. s. v, (B. P.)
Schmeidler, Johann C. Hermann, a Protestant divine, was born at Breslau, Aug. 28, 1807, where he also died Aug. 16, 1867, after having occupied some of the most important ecclesiastical positions in his native place. He wrote, Der Unterganf/ des Reiches Juda (Breslau, 1831) : — Urkundliche Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Haupt-Pfarrkirche Si. Maria Magdalena zu Bres- lau vor der Reformatio?! (ibid. 1838): — Urkundliche Geschichte der evang. Haupt- u. Pfarrkirehe zu St. Bernhardhi in Breslau, etc. (ibid. 1853). See Zuch- old, Bibl. Theolog. ii, 1152; Winer, Handbuch der theol. Literatur, i, 75. (B. P.)
Schmid, Christian Friedrich, a professor of theology at Tiibingen, was born at Bickelsberg, 1794, Educated at IMaulbronn and Tubingen, he began to lecture at the latter place in 1819. In 1826 he became professor in ordinary', and labored as such till his death, in 1852. Not prolific as an author, he has yet exerted a very great and evangelical influence on the clerg}' of Wiirtemberg. A supernaturalist from the start, he worked fruitfully by the side of the more negative Baur, defending vigorously the fimdamentals fif Chris- tianity, and utilizing the better results of modern Chris- tian speculation. Jlen like Dorner and Oehler have given public expression to their indebtedness to Schmid. His labors embraced practical, exegetical, and moral the- ology. His lectures were models of systematic Chris- tian thought. He was not, however, simply a scientific theologian, but his influence was also deeply and posi- tively Christian. His Biblische Theologie des neuen Test, appeared in 1853 (4th ed. by Dr. A. Heller, Gotha, 1868); it has enjoyed a wide popularity. His Christ- liche Moral.hy the same editor, was published in 1861, See Erinnerung an C. F. Schmid, by Palmer and others (Tubingen, 1852); Stud. u. Kri.t. 1856; Wuttke, Chris- tian Ethics. i,S7i; Hauck, JoA/rsicrM/, 1869 ; Herzog, Reul-Encgklop. xiii, 604-606. (J. P. L.)