Schnappinger, Bonifacius M., a Roman Catho- lic divine, was born at Neuburg, in Bavaria, Oct. 5, 1762, was first lecturer of theology at Wiirzburg, then profess- or of exegesis at Heidelberg, and from 1807 professor of dogmatics at Freiburg. He died Dec. 6, 1832. He published the Neiv Test, with annotations (Mannheim, 1807): — Doctrina Dogmatvm Eccles. Christ. Cath. ad usiim Acad. (Augsburg, 1818): — Entwurf einer JcathoL- christl. Religions- u. Dogmengeschichte zu akad. Vurlesun- gen (Carlsruhe, 1807). See Winer, Handhuch der theol. Literatur, i, 175, 306, 593 ; ii, 761. (B. P.)
Schneckenburger, ]\L\tthias, an eminent mod- ern theologian, born Jan. 17, 1804; died June 13, 1848. He studied Latin at Tuttlingen, Wiirtemberg. In 1819 he began the study of theology at LTrach. In 1824 he entered upon more thorough studies at Tiiljingen. Here his teachers were Steudel, Schmidt, Baur, Hang, and others. Philosophical theology was his favorite study; and the book which delighted him most was Schleiermacher's Glauhenslehre. He reached his mas- ter's degree in his twentieth year, and held the highest place in a group of thirty-eight competitors. In 1826 he went to Berlin to continue his studies under Schleier- niacher, Neander, Marheinecke, and Hegel. With Ne- ander and IMarheinecke he formed very close relations, as also with other eminent literary men, e. g. Chamisso and Gans. In 1827 he returned to Wiirtemberg and began to lecture at Tiiljingen. Among his pupils were Strauss, Vischer, and Mlirklin. In 1831 he entered into the ministry as preacher at Herrenberg. Although a gifted speaker, he soon felt that not the pulpit, but the professor's chair was his place. In 1834 he accordingly entered the new theological faculty at Berne. By his side stood Hundeshagen, Lutz, and others. His field here was Church history, dogmatics, and exegesis; but it was especially in dogmatics that his greatest interest lay. Here his position was that health}' union of prac- tice and theory which was so characteristic of Zwingli. When the Strauss commotion broke out in (iermany (1839), Schneckenburger faced the whole series of ([ues- tions which it called forth, and began a course of lect- ures on the intiuence of philosophy upon theology and on the collisions between modern speculation and Chris- tianity. His position was that of a positive theist and an opponent of Ilegel. Very fruitful among his labors in the following years were his studies in comparative dogmatics. His general tendency was unionistic. He did not confine himself to academic labors, but took also
SCHNEIDER
417
SCHOCK
an active part in the Church affairs of the canton of Berne.
In character Schneckenbiirger was as simple and un- assiuning as a child. His great defect was a deficiency of self-assertion. In his wedded life he was ver}' un- fortunate. His relation to his childless wife was very similar to that of Salmasius to his domineering " Juno." Seeking relief from his domestic unhappiness in a still greater devotion to study, his health soon broke down. He died at the early age of forty-four. It was character- istic of his wife that his valuable papers were for a num- ber of years kept under lock and key. It was only af- ter she liad fled from justice to America that they came into the hands of his colleague, Hundeshagen. Among Schneckenburger's writings are the following: Ueher Glauben, Tradition unci Kirche (Stuttg. \%21) -.— Ueber lias Alter der jildischen Proselytentuufe (Berlin, 1828) : — Annotatio ad Epistolam Jacobi (Stuttg. 1832) : — Eiidei- tung ins Neue Test. (ibid. 1832) : — Ueber das Eeanc/elium der Aegypter (Berne, 1834) : — Ueber den Begriff der Bil- dung (ibid. W6^) -.Stapferi, Theologi Bernensis, Chris- tologia (ibid. 1842): — De Falsi Neronis Fama (ibid. 1846) : — Zur kirchlichen Christologie (Pforzheim, 1848) : — Vergleichende Daistellung des lutherischen und re- formirten Lehrbegriffs (edited by Glider, Stuttg. 1855, 2 pts.). Also numerous contributions to the Tiibinger Zeitschrift, the Studien und Kriliken, the Theologische Jahi'biic/ier, and others. See Herzog, Real-Enci/Hop. ; Geddchtnissrede von Dr. (ielpke (Berne, 1848). (J. P. L.)
Schneider, Benjamin, DD., a missionary of the American Board of the Congregational Church, was born in New Hanover, Pa., Jan. 18, 1807. He joined the Church in Norristown in 1826, and soon after enter- ed Hamilton College, in N. Y. Having remained awhile here, he went to Amlierst, where he graduated in 1830. From Amherst he went directly to Andover, and enter- ed the seminary, where the question of becoming a for- eign missionary soon took possession of his mind. In June, 1832, he says, "Blessed be God for the prospect I have of consecrating myself to the good work of mis- sions." With this thought uppermost, he pursued his studies. After graduating in 1833, he was married to Miss Abbott. He was ordained in 1833, and Dec. 12 of the same year he sailed from Boston for Smyrna. From 1834 to 1849 he was stationed at Broosa, the ancient capital of the Turkish empire, about ninety miles south of Constantinople. Though a region rich and grand in natural scenery, it was hard to cultivate. The princi- ple of toleration had not been established in the empire, and the missionary was subjected to endless annoyances and persecutions. His chief labors were with the Greek population, and they were far less susceptible to Gospel influences than the Armenian. In 1849 he was called to take up his abode at Aintab, where he had labored for a time previously, and where a wonderful work had begun among the Armenians. Here Dr. Schneider la- bored until 1868, a period of nineteen years, and his la- bors were crowned with abundant success. He instruct- ed the candidates for the ministry, and many of the na- tive preachers in Central Turkey received their theo- logical training at his hands. Though he had many things to occupy his attention in laying the foundations, his chief delight was in telling the simple story of the cross to tlie listening multitudes. Gentle and winning in his manners as he was scholarly, he attracted thou- sands by his fluency and fervor. Dr. Schauftler, another veteran missionary, in speaking of him, said, "Always when I can, I go to hear Dr. Schneider." The pulpit was his throne, the place of his power. In 1868 it was thought advisable that he should return to Broosa and resume his labors there ; and a few years later he seemed to be pointed out by Providence, on account of his schol- arly attainments and fitness, as the person to be put in charge of the theological seminary at Marsovan. While laboring here, such was his incessant toil that his health gave way. He was a man of eminent gifts and quali- fications, an exact scholar, especially as a linguist. He IX.— D D