year the rebellion broke out in behalf of the Pretender. Tlie Episcopalians were supjwsed to be favorable to his cause, and were regarded with distrust, and met with very harsh usage. On taking the oath of allegiance, the Ei)iscopal clergy were again permitted, by an act passed in 1719, to officiate in public ami to use the English liturgy. They were undisturbed by the authorities un- til the second rebellion, in 1745, the principal cause of distraction being the controversy among themselves be- tween the Nonjurors (q. v.) and their o]iponents. The second rebellion of 1745 nearly completed the destruc- tion of Scotch Episcopalianism. The house of Hanover naturally regarded a Church whose bishops were ap- jiointed by the Pretender with suspicion. An act was passed forbidding every Episcopal clergyman to officiate without taking the oaths to the government, and in 174G making more than four persons besides the clergyman's family an illegal meeting. In 1748 it was enacted that none but English or Irish letters of orders should be deemed sufficient to qualily any minister for the exer- cise of his office in Scotland, and the clergy were only permitted to officiate in their own houses. This state of things continued till the accession of George III in 1760. In 17t!5 the communion office was revised by the bishops, and brought to its present state. From this period the Church has used the English liturgy, with the excep- tion of the communion office. From the time when the bishops met at Aberdeen an<l acknowledged George III as their rightful sovereign, the Church ceased to be a Nonjuring Church. In 1792 an act was passed which relieved them from the penalties imposed by the vari- ous acts of queen Anne, George I, and George II, but forbade the clergy from officiating in England "except in the case of such as shall have been ordained by some bishop of the Church of England or of Ireland." This prohibition was so far removed in 1840 as to allow them to thus officiate " only with the special permission of the bishop in writing, such permission extending only to two Sinidaj's at a time." The Scottish bishops early in the present century resumed tlic titles which they had been compelled to lay aside, but these titles are not allowed by law. The Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England were made the standard of faith, and in 18G3 the Prayer-book was adopted as the authorized service- book of the Episcopal Church, permission being given in certain cases to use the Scottish communion office. Several flourishing Cfnigregations of English Episcopa- lians still (1854) declined to recognise the authority of the Scotch bishops or hold communion with their Church, regarding its usages and doctrines on the sub- ject of the eucharist as unscriptural. In 18G4 all re- strictions on the clergy were removed, save that an EInglish or Irish bishop might refuse institution to a Scottish clergyman on his tirst presentation to a bene- fice in England or Ireland. The dioceses of the Scot- tish Episcopal Church are seven, viz. Moray, Aberdeen, Brechin. Argvle, St. Andrew's, Edinburgh, and Glas- gow. The bishops are chosen by the clergy of the dio- cese and by representatives of the lay communicants, a majority of both orders being necessary to a valid elec- tion. One of the bishops, under the name of '• primus," chosen by the other bishops, presides at all meetings of the bishops, and has certain other privileges, but pos- sesses no metropolitan authority. Tlie highest judicial body is the Episco|)al College, composed of all the bish- ops. Tiie highest legislative body is a General Synod, composetl of two houses — the one of the bishops, and (he other of the deans and the representatives of the clergy. Since 1834 the Church has increased quite rapidly. The livings are generally very small, tlie minimum fixed in- come being £100 a year, and very few rating higher, unless the ministers have private incomes. Few of the middling class are connected with the Episcopal Church, its members being made up principally of the wealthy nobles and the poor peasantry. In 1841 Trinity College was founded at Glenalmond, in Perthshire, and St. Nini- an's Cathedral at Perth was consecrated bv the bish-
op of Brechin in 1851. See Burnet, Tlist. of his Own Timfs; Spottisvvood, Ilint. of the Church of Scot hind (1G25; new ed. Edinb. 1847-51, 3 vols. 8vo): Collier, Ecdfs. Hist.; Bishop Skinner, AVr?e«. Hist, of Scotlaml, etc. (Loud. 1788, 2 vols. 8vo); Russell, />/.?/. of the Church in Scotland (ibid. 1834, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Lathhury, }Jist. of the Nonjurors; Cunningham, r/;Mrt7< Hist, of Scotland; Grub, Eccles. Hist, of Scothmd ; also JNIars- den, Diet, of Christian Churches, s. v, ; Relioions of the World (ibid. 1877).
SCOTLAND, Pkesbytekian Churches of. For information respecting the Established Church of Scot- land, the Reformed Presbyterian Church, United Pres- byterian Church, Free Church of Scotland, see PiiESUY- TEHiAN Churches.
SCOTLAND, Kei.ieI'- Church or Synod of, one of the seceding bodies in Scotland which arose out of op- position to the system of Patronage ((i. v.). A majority of the Presbytery of Dimfermline having refused to take part in the induction of a minister to the parish of In- verkeithing who was unacce|)table to the peo[ile, they were citeil in 1752 before the (ieneral Assembly and or- dered to jiroceed with the settlement of ]Mr. Richardson, the minister mentioned. Although three formed a le- gal cpiorum, and it was well known that three members of the presbytery were willing to comply with the com- mand of the assembly, yet the quorum was raised to five. Three ministers were present on the day appoint- ed for the settlement; but as they were not a quorum, nothing was done. Of the six who refused to comply with the appointment of the Supreme Court, it was re- solved tliat one should be deposed. On Saturday, the day after their report was presented to the assembly, each of the six was singly placed before the bar of the house. Three seemed to yield, two remained firm. Thomas Gillespie, minister of Carnock. came forward with a protestation defending his conduct, and as a re- sult was deposed from the ministry ; the vote standing 5t) for deposition and 102 declining to vote. Rightly judging that he was illegally and unrighteously de- posed. jMr. Gillespie preached next Lord's day in the open air at Carnock. He went to Dunfermline a few months after, and the General Assembly refusing, the next year, to remove his sentence of deposition, he laid the foundation of a new secession. He labored alone until 1757, when a similar congregation was formed by Thomas Boston (son of Boston of Ettrick) at Jedburgh, in conseciuence of the forcible intrusion of a minister into that parish where the pefpple desired that Boston should be appointed. A third congregation was formed from a similar cause in 1760. The tirst Relief Presby- tery was formed Oct. 22, 1761, and consisted of liillespie, Boston, and Thomas Colier, according to the words of the original minute, "for the relief of Christians op- pressed in their Christian privileges." Its first synod was formed in Edinburgh in 1773, and in 1794 a hymn-book was sanctioned by the synod. In 1807 it numbered about 60 congregations with 3(>,000 members, and in 1847, 7 pres- byteries, 114 congregations, and about 45,000 members. In 1834 proposals were made for a iniion between the Secession and Relief synods, which was consummated, at Edinburgh, May 13, 1847, imder the name of the United Presbyterian Church (q. v.). See Blunt, Diet, of Sects, s. V. ; Eadie, Eccles. Cycloji. s. v. See Pres- byterian Churches.