Sturt, .loiiN. an F.nglish engraver, was born in Lon- don in lii.").s, and at the age of seventeen became the pupil of Poliert White. His chit f excellence lay in the engraving of letters, and the minuteness with which they were executed. He died in 1730. His best work is the Jlonk oj" Common Prayer, which he engraved on silver plates. The fop of every page is ornamented
STURZ
1072
STYLITES
with a small historical vignette (Lond. 1717, 8vo). lie also engraved the Lord's I'mytr within a circle of the dimensions of a silver penny. See Chalmers, Bkxj. JJkt. s. V.
Sturz, FuiKDHicii Wii.iikl:m, a German scholar, was tK>rn ^lay 14, 17G-2, at Erbisdorf, near Freiburg. He studied theology and pliilosojihy at Leipsic, and was appointed in ITMJS professor of elocution at liera; in l?<o;$ he was called to (irimraa as rector of the acad- emy, retired from his office in 1823, and died May 20, 1?<32. He wrote, De IHulecto Akxuiuhina Ratione si- mul Ihtbita Version, Libr. Vet. Test. ^'/wc. (Lips. 1786): — De DitiUcto Mucedonka et A lexandrina (ibid. 1808) : — Jje IHulecto Mexttndrina ((iera, 1788-94, diss, i-iv):
Circuiiickio a Barbdris Geiilibus ad ./udceos Trunslata
(ibid. 171tl); and edited Zonitrw Glossce Sua-ai N. T. (Grimma, 1818). See Winer, /Iitndbuch der theolog. Literatur, i, 126, 128, 885; ii, 795; Ret/en-sburr/er Conver- sations-Lexikon, 8. V. ; Fiirst, Bibl'Jud. iii, 395. (B. P.)
Stutson, NEi-soN.a minister of the Methodist Epis- copal Cluircli, was born at Monson, JIass., Sept. 20, 1829, and was converted wlieu about nineteen. He was edu- cated at Wilbraham, graduated from college in 1858, and joined the New England Conference in 1859. In 1«G9 he spent three months in Europe to recruit his health, but it continued to decline until he died, April 16, 1871, at Springtield, Mass. Mr. Stutson was a man of many rare and valuable ipialities. See Minutes of .1 nnunl Conferences, 1872, p. 48.
Stuttgart, Synod of, held in the year 1559. It was convened by duke Christopher of Wiirtemberg, with U>e purpose of bestowing a formal sanction on the Lutheran doctrine of the Lord's supper, which had been previously recognised, but was threatened by divisions in the churches of the duchy itself, and by the over- throw of the Lutheran confession in the adjoining pa- latinate. It was composed of the four general superin- tendents and the spiritual and lay members of the con- sistory, together with the rector, dean, and professors of the theological faculty of Tubingen. On Dec. 19 it adopted the formulary issued in the following year, un- der the title Confessio et Doctrina Theolof/orum et Mi- n'tstrorum Verbi LHcini in Ducatu Wirtemb.de VeraPrce- sentia Corporis et Sanguinis Jesu Christi in Caena Do- minicit. It begins with an exhortation based on Eph. iv, 14, and proceeds to declare, on the alleged basis of the Scri|)tures and the A ufjshui-g Confession — 1. That in t lie sacrament the real body and blood of Christ are given and received with the bread and wine, b\' virtue of the wonl or institution of Christ; 2. That the substance of the bread and wine is not changed ; nor do they simply serve as types, but the actual substance of Christ's body an<l iilood is given with the unchanged substance of liread and wine; 3. That the union i)f these substances is sacramental, so that no sacrament exists when the lireail and wine are not used ; 4. The objection against the ui>ii|uity of Christ's body based on his ascension to heaven is removed by the doctrine of Paul, that the I/ird ''ascended up far above all heavens, that he might fdl all tiMiigs"(Eph. iv, 10), 5. Not only the faithful and worthy, but also the unworthy, partake of the Lord's body and blood in the sacrament; the latter, however, to their destruction, etc. The Confession of ^tntti/art lias been regar.led by Planck and (Jieseler as the first formulating of the doctrine of the uliicpiity of the body of Ciirist; but the fundamental princijile of the whole doctrine of Luther respecting the Lord's supper was tlie ubi(|uity; and Hrentiiis, the hading spirit in the Stmt- gart Synod, had express<Ml the o|>inion tliat Christ's hu- man nature particijiates in all respects in the glory of the Father, in his lar^'cr (''itirhitin of the year 1551. ( alvin complains of the " L'bi(|uists" of Wiirtemberg in a letter to .J. .Vtidrea;, dated 15.56. It remains to be add- ed that Lutherans received the decisions of this synod with iniirh hesitation, because of objectionable cxpres- oions involved in them, e. g. that the blessing of the sac-
rament differs specifically from other gracious gifts of the Holy Spirit ; that the blessing of the sacrament is not de- pendent on the will of the communicant ; that the bless- ing of the sacrament is conditioned solely on the work- ing of the exalted (iod-man, etc. In the event, a reac- tion took place in the Wiirtemberg churches which opened the way for a more rational, Melancthonian view. See Pfaff, Acta et Scripta I'ubl. Eccl. Wirtemb. (1720); Plank, Gesch. d. pi-ofest. Lehrbef/riff'es, vol. v; Heppe, Gesch. d. deutsck. Prot. vol, i. — Herzog, Reul- Encyklop. s. V, See Melancthon ; Ubiquity.
Stygius, in Grecian mythology, a surname of Pluto.
Style, Old and New. See Calendar,
Stylites {arvKTrai, Kiovlrai) or pillar suitits, a class of anchorets who took up their abode on loftj- pillars, where the limited space forbade their sitting or lying down, and obliged them to stand continually (hence sta- tiomirii), protected only by a lattice-work or board rail- ing, or by a wall, from falling, and exposed to the oiien sky by day and night, in both summer and winter. See Pillar Saints.