seemed to offer ever}- requisite except the assurance of quiet, as it was situated too near the territories of the hostile Saxons to justify the hope that it would remain undisturbed. At a later day archbishop Lullus, the suc- cessor of Boniface, founded there the Monastery of Hers- feld (7ti8) ; but, by the advice of Boniface, a safer place was to be sought. Sturm now ventured into the forest alone, braving its wild beasts and its hordes of heathen, until he reacheti the spot where Fulda now stands, and there he found the situation of which he was in search. He returned to Hersfeld, and formed a plan for the erec- tion of the convent; and Boniface repaired to the em- peror Carloman to procure a donation of the land. At the beginning of 744, Sturm, accompanied by nine monks, took solemn possession of the locality, and rapidly pushed forward the building and arrangement of the proposed establishment. When completed, it assumed the name of the stream on which it stood, and received Sturm as its abbot. Tlie number of monks rapidly increased, and it became necessary to arrange the plan of their govern- ment and of their ordinary life according to some strict svstem ; and to this end a commission, to which Sturm belonged, was sent to Italy to study the methods in vogue among the Benedictines of that land. The Convent of Monte-Casino seemed to them to afford lessons in ad- ministration of especial value. They returned after having been absent a year, Sturm being detained on the journey by a severe illness at Kitzingen,on the Main; and after their arrival the discipline of Monte-Casino was introduced in all its strictness. Some of the broth- ers prayed, studied, or taught, while others were em- ployed in the fields and gardens. The results of their industry', joined with the donations of wealthy patrons, greatly enriched the convent, extended its fame, and heightened the reputation of its abbot. When Lullus succeeded Boniface as archbishop, this peaceful state was rudely disturbed. Sturm demanded that the body of Boniface should be interred at Fulda, as Boniface him- self had desired ; but the clergy of Mayence, headed by Lullus, refused consent, and procured an order from king Pepin for the interment of the remains at Mayence. Lullus finally yielded. Another cause of trouble lay in the archbishop's assumption of the rights of owner- ship over the monastery, and of consequent supervision of its temporalities, which Sturm regarded as an inva- sion of his privileges. At the same time, three monks, who were dissatisfied with the strictness of Sturm's rule, charged him with treason against the king, and secured his citation before the court; and when Sturm, in the consciousness of his innocence, refused to defend himself, the anger of Pepin caused his banishment to the Monastery of Juinedica (now Jumieges), near Rou- en. Lullus now endeavored to establish himself in the possession of Fulda ; but as the monks drove away a priest whom he had appointed abbot, he gave way, and allowed them to choose for themselves. They selected Prczzold, a devoted adherent of Sturm, who at once be- gan to labor for the pardon of his former superior; and, as other monasteries used their intluence in the same direction, the end was attained. Sturm was recalled to court and reconciled to the king; and when Prezzold and his brothers of Fulda petitioned for Sturm's resto- ration to the monastery, the king consented, and, in ad- dition, removed the monastery from under the jurisdic- tion of Lidlus (7(;2). A quiet a'ra now began in the life of Sturm, which continued until his death. He grew in the royal favor constanlly, and l)y his practical genius accomplished many results which increased the material welfare of his neighborhood. In the beginning of Charlemagne's reign he was employed to |)reserve peace between the king and the powerful duke Thas- silo of Bavaria, and was completely successfid. A wider sphere opened before him when (^liarlemagne made war on the Saxons, in 772, and ordered a host of priests and other clergy to accompany the army in order to convert the con()iu'red heathen. Sturm was especially promi- nent in this work, and achieved some real successes, as
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appears from the fact that a number of noble Saxons followed him to Fulda fur instruction in the Christian faith. In acknowledf^mcnt of his services, Charlemairne donated to the Convent of Fulda an important royal ilo- main situated in IIainnielbur<,s on the Saale (.Jan. 7, 777). When the campaiitn af^ainst the Saxons was re- peated, in order to |)unisii them for their revolt, Sturm was again ordered to attend the expedition ; but his age forbade so great a demand on his strength, ami he was left behind. He returned to Fulda. and died Dec. 17, 779. lie was buried in the church at Fulda, and a simple monument was placed over his remains. At the Lateran Council of 1 139 po])e Innocent II canonized the worthy abbot, and in 14;)9 bishop John of WUrzburg ordered a diocesan festival in his honor. See Eigel (abbot of Fulda818-82-2), Vita Stiirmi, in iMabillon, Acf. SS. Ord. S. liened. Snc. VIII, ii, '242-259, and in Fertz, Monum. Smpt. ii, 305-377; also Sturmius I5run, Le- hensgesch. d. heil. Slurmiiis, etc. (1779, 8vo) ; Hist. Lit. de la France, iv, 161 ; Fabricius, Bibl. Lut. Med. et Iiifim. yEtalis, iv, 214; Rettberg, Kirc/ienr/esch. Deutschhinds (Gott. 1846), vol. i; Schwartz, Lchen d. liHl. Sturmius (Fulda, 1858).— Ilerzog, Re(d-Enrijklop.s. v,