SUBMISSION TO Gon implies an entire giving-up of our understanding, will, and affections to him ; or, as Dr. Owen observes, it consists in — 1. An acquiescence in his right and sovereignty ; 2. An acknowledgment of his righteousness and wisdom ; 3. A sense of his love and care ; 4. A diligent application of ourselves to his mind and will ; 5. Keeping our souls, by faith and pa- tience, from weariness and despondency ; 6. A full res- ignation to his will. See Resignation. — Buck, Theol. Diet. s. V.
Subprebendary, a prebendary in inferior orders.
Subprecentor, an assistant to and substitute for the precentor of a church or cathedral, whose duty it is to attend to and guide the singing in the absence of the precentor.
Subprior, an official in a priory, who is the prior's deputy, and is ordinarily second in rank to the prior.
Subramanya Mahasena, in Hindu mythology, meaning the great leader of armies, is a surname of Kar- tikei/a, tlie son of Siva and the sisters Gonya and Uma.
Subruncinator, a Roman divinity who presided over the weeding and grubbing of gardens.
Subsacrist, an assistant to, or deputy of, the or- dinary sacrist or sacristan of a church. The}' were keepers of the vestry and sacristy, church -cleaners, bell-ringers, etc. At Lincoln they were called stall- keepers ; at York, clerks of the vestibule ; and at Can- terbury, vesturers.
Subsacristan. See Subsacrist.
Subscription, Clerical. Subscription to arti- cles of religion is required of the clergy of every estab- lished Church, and of some churches not established.
"The most stringent and elaborate suljscription prob- ably ever enforced," says Dr. Stanley, " was that in the duchy of Brunswick, when duke Jidius required from all clergy, from all professors, from all magistrates, a subscription to all and everything contained in the Confession of Augsburg, in the Apology for the Confes- sion, in the Smalcaldic Articles, in all the works of Luther, and in all the works of Chemnitz" {Letter on State of Subscription, p. 37). The Church of England only requires this kind of assent to the Thirty-nine Ar- ticles and the Book of Common Prayer. But it has been a matter of dispute whether it answers any valu- able purpose as to religion, however necessary as a test to loyalty. All language is more or less ambiguous, so that it is difficult always to understand the exact sense, or the animxs imponeiitis, especially when creeds have been long established. It is said that the clergy of the churches of England and Scotland seldom consider them- selves as fettered by the Thirty-nine Articles or the Con- fession of Faith, when composing instructions for their parishes or the public at large. It is to be feared, in-
SUBSELLIUM
SUBSTANCE
deed, that many subscribe merely for the sake of emol- ument; anil though it be iirdlVsseiily e.r (lulnio, it is well known that it is not so in reality; for when any one appears to entertain conscientious scruples on the subject, he is told it is a thing of no conseijuence, but only a matter of form.
Stanley presents the foUowini; arguments in favor of repeal: 1. The tirst is, that there are signs of a grow- ing reluctance, due in some part to tiie stringency of present subscriptions, on the part of thoughtful young men, to enter the ministry of the Church. 2. There is some recent evidence, especially at the universities, that the abolition of subscription has not tcnilcd to the inju- ry of the Ciiurcli or to any increased disbelief of her doctrines. 3. I5iit, more especially, there is a growing disposition to interpret adhesion to formularies more narrowly than in former times. See Paley, Mor. P/iil. i, 218; Dyer, On SiibKcripllon ; Doddridge, Led. lect. 70 ; Conybeare, Sermon on Sitbsrriplion ; Free and Can- did Digqvisi/ionj! relating to the Church of Kn(/l<ind ; The Confessional; Duncan and Miller, On Creed.i ; Stanley, ,-1 Letter to the Lord Bishop of London on the Slate of Subscription in the Church of Eiujland and in the Uni- versiti/ <;/' Orfird.
Subsellium, a term given in the early Church to the footstool provided for persons of distinction. Upon Christian monuments God is represented as using the subsellium while receiving the offerings of Cain and Abel; our Lord, when teacldiig liis di.sciples; and the Holy Virgin, in the atloration of the magi. The epis- copal chairs were also provided with them, and, to show their submission to bishops, persons were accustomed to seat themselves thereupon. They were also called sca- beltuni, siibpositorium, suppedancum.
Subsellium was likewise a name for the seats of the presbyters, in the ancient Church, on eacli side of the bishop's throne, in the upper part of the chancel, called the apsis. Also the two lower steps in a sedilia, i. e. those for the deacon and subdoacun.
Subsellium.
Subsexton. See Siissackistan.
Substance (Lat, sub, under, sto or stnns, to stand) is literally that which subsists by itself. In Greek, substance is denoted by ovaia , hence, that which truly is, or essence, seems to be the proper meaning of sub-' Stance. It is opposed to accident; of which Aristotle has said that you can scarcely predicate of it that it is