Literature. — This may well be exhibited in brief by the following extract from Eadie's Eccles. Cyclop., which shows how writers in the Episcopal Church are dis- agreed on the main elements of the question ;
I. On the Ofice of the Apostles, aiul ivhether they had any Succesgorx. — Until Christ's death the apostles were presbyters, and Christ alone was bishop. 1. This is af- lirmed by StilliiigHeet, Irenicum, ii, 218; Spauheiin, Op. Theol. i, 486; in Ayton, ConMit. of the Ch. p. 18; Hain- nioiid, H'orfcx, Iv, 781, who makes them deacons; Brett, Divine Jiif/ht Kpixcnp. led. viii, p. 17. 2. This is contra- dicted, and tlie apostles made bishops dnriug the same time, by Taylor [Jeremy], Episcop. Asserted; id. H'orks, vii, 7, etc., who contradicts himself in ibid, xiii, 19 sq. ; Scott, in CkrisHan Life, iii, 33S; Monro, Inquini into tlie Xcie Opinitms, p. 96; Ithiiid, Apol. p. 50, etc. ; Willet, Sy- nojisis /*«j>!.s7»i?, p. 236; archbishop of Spalato, in Ayton, Cunatil. of tlie Cli., app. p. 7. Archbishop Land is very positive in affhiiiing th>it Christ chose the twelve, and made them bishops over the piesbyteis (Lit. and Kpiscoj}. p. 1U5), and bishop Beverid-je is as cinitident that Christ chose these same twelve as presbyters, and not bishops (Warks, ii, 112). A<raiu, Laud asserts very positively that Christ ordained them, since the word used by Mark is t7roiii<re — He made them (Lit. and Episcop. p. 196). Bev- eridge, on the contrary, declares that Christ did not ordain any of them during his life, and iidduces in proof the use of "this very term l-wuinne diiifima ( Works, ii, 112). 3. Others, aijaiii, nftirin that the apostles were not commissioned till after Christ's resurrection. Sage, quoted in Ayton, Con- stit. nf the- Ch. app. p. ."5, 6; Saravia's Priestfiood, Span- heim. Op. Theol. i, 430; Stillingfleet, Irenicum, i, 117, US, and ii, 21S; Whilby, Annut. Luke x, 1 ; Hammond, in ibid. ; Bellarmiiio, I>c I'mitiff. lib. iv, c. 25; Heber [Bp.], in Life (f Jeremy 'I'aijliir, H'ocits, i, 185.
II. Tlw- a})ostles tocre extraordinary officers, and conld have no successors. 1. This is aftiimed by Pearson, On the Creed, p. 16, "who are continued to us only in their writings;" Whitbj-, in Comment. I^ref.to Titus; Hoadly [Up.], U'orfcx, fol. ii, 827: Barrow, in Works, fol. i, 598; Willet, in Hiinojjsis Pajn'smi, p. IM, 165; Fell [Bp.], On Ephes. V, 9 ; Hooker, Eccl. Pol. vol. iii, bk. vii, § iv, p. 1S7, Keble's edition; Chillingworth ; WXwds, History of liise and Proiiress of Christ, ii, 7(1-87; On Inspiration, p. 117; Lijrhtfoot, Works, xiii, 26, 27, .'in, 70. 9S, etc., and in oth- er works; Palmer, On the Ch. i, 169, 170; Bowers, Hist, of the Popes, i, 5, 0 ; Potter, On Ch. Government, p. 121, 117, Aniei-. ed. ; Steele, Phil, of the Evid. of Christ, p. 102, 10.5, 106, 107 ; Dodwell, Parenes, ad. ext. p. 6S (comp. 11, 54, 56, 62, apud Ayton); Davenaut [Bp.], On Coi. vol. i,ch.i ; Brett, Die. Uiyht of Episcop. lect. xii, p. 20, apud Ayton ; Stilling-
SUCCINCTORIUM
SUCCOTH
fleet, rreJ!?c»fm,ii, 299-301 ; Spniiheim, FU. Dissert. iii,N(is. 25, 37,34; archbit-ilopTillalsoii ^feeqiluied in J'/r.-^liiitcrntiiiKiit Def. p. 117, US). 2. Tnis is iiio-sc ref<ciliiic'ly iiiipiigiied by Liiurt (see his Three Speeches on the Liturtjij Epixro)}. etc. ill Oxf. edit. ISlo, passim) ; Nicli()l.'j [VVilliamJ, in his De- fence (if the Ck. of England; "Bishops are successDis to the apostles, both in name and tiling," says Leslie, in Let- ter on Ejiiscoinxcii, in The Scholar A rnied. i, 64 et al. ; Bev- eridi^e, in Works, ii, SS, 93, 120, 147, 149, 107, 27S ; Law, in his Second Letter to the Bishop) of Banijor See, iu Oxf. Tr. iii, 156 ; Stilliugfleet [Bp.], in Works, i, 371. in ait. " Bish- op;" Rees, Cijclop. ; Iliiks [Bp.], Khiud, Scott, Monro (see KyX.on,Constit. if the Ch. app. p. S, lect. ii); Honinian [Bp.], Survey of SdphtliaU, ii, 191, etc., in Ayton ; Hall [Bp.], Episc'op. bu Dicine Riijht, pt. ii. Opinions differ as widely iu the Church of England at the present day (see Smyth, Prelafic Doctrine of Apostolical Succession Examined [Bos- ton, 1S41]).
Succinctorium, or Succinctory, an ornament peculiar to the pope, resemblini;- a maniple (q. v.), and embroidered with the holy lamb {Agnus Dei). It is worn on the left side, being fastened by a cincture, and is, according to some, a substitute for an alms-purse; or
Agnus Dei ou the Succinctorium.
according to others it was only a resemblance of the ends of a ribbon, formerly worn by most bishops as a cincture over the alb. and which was called halteum pudicitice, or " belt of modesty." In the East bishops wear one pendant, of a lozenge form, tasselled, and with a cross on it called epigontttion.
SliCCinere {undersinginr/), a term used to describe a mode of singing in common use in the early age of the Church. A precentor began the verse, and the peo- ple joined him in the close. It was often used for the sake of variety in the same service, with alternate psal- mody. Ecclesiastical historians relate that Athanasius effected his escape from the church in which he was beset by the Arian soldiery bj' setting the people to this kind of psalmody: he commaiuled the deacon to read the psalm, and the people {vTraicovEtv, respondere or succinere) to repeat this clause after him : " For his mercy endureth forever." See Bingham, Christ. A ntiq. bk. xiv, ch. i, § 12. See Acrostics.