Substautialists. The Lutheran heresiologist Schliisselburg gives this name as a synonym of the Manichees, in his Cataloc/ue of Heresies, the second volume of which is entitled i)e Secta M anichceoi-um seu Substantialistarum.
Substitution. See Vicarious Suffering. Substrati (i. e. prostrutors) were penitents of the third order, so called from the custom of prostrating themselves before the bishop or priest as soon as the sermon was ended, to receive his benediction with the imposition of hands, and be made partakers of those prayers which the congregation particularly offered to God for them ; after which they were obliged imme- diately to depart, before the communion service. They stood until this part of the service in the nave of the church, behind the amho. This sort of penitents are mentioned in the Council of Nice, though no particular place is assigned them ; but we may collect from Ter- tullian and Sozomen that their station was in this part of the church ; for Tertullian {De Pudicit. c. 13), speak- ing of the Roman discipline, says pope Zephyrin brought penitents into the church in sackcloth and ashes, and prostrated them in the midst before the widows and presbyters, to implore their commiseration and excite their tears. They were also called Kneelers, or Genu- flectentes. See Bingham, Christ, Antiq, bk. viii, ch. v, § 3 ; bk. xviii, ch. i, § 5.
Subtreasurer, the deputy -receiver of certain rents in a cathedral of the new foundation ; a deputy- treasurer; the sacrist; a minor canon who had charge of the church goods, acted as parish priest in the pre- cinct, provided necessaries for divine service, and was librarian. The office is still partially preserved as an assistant in divine service and parochial cure of souls. At Hereford he ranked after the succentor, and sang the Founder's Mass. He is mentioned in 1290 at York, and at Chichester in the lith century, being the treasurer's vicar, where he made the chrism of oil and balsam. — Walcott, Sac. A rchceol. s. v.
Subuciila {■Koci]pi]Q), a cassock, like a rochet, worn under the alb.
Suburbicarian, an epithet applied to those prov- inces of Italy which composed the ancient diocese of Rome. Concerning this two questions arise: 1. What was the extent of this district? 2. Whether it was the limit of the metropolitical or patriarchal power? Dr. Cave and others think that the notion of suburbicary churches ought not to be extended bevond the lim-
SUCCESSION"
its of the prnfectiis in-bis, viz. a hundred miles about Rome ; or, at most, not beyond the limits of those ten provinces which were immediatelj' subject to the civil disposition and jurisdiction of the vicai-ius tirbis — viz. Campania, Tuscia and Umbria, Picenum Suljurbiearium, Valeria, Samnium, Apulia and Calabria, Lucauia and Brutii, Sicilia, Sardinia and Corsica — which Dr. Cave supposes to have been the exact and proper limits of the pope's patriarchal power, as he thinks the others were the bounds of his metropolitan jurisdiction. — See Binghain, Christ. Antiq. bk. ix, ch. i, § 347.
Suburbs is the rendering, in the A. V., regularly of ^"Tj"?, miyrdsh, properly a pasture (1 Chron. v, 16; Ezek. xlviii, 15) ; hence the open country around a city used for grazing (Numb, xxxv, 2; .Josh, xxi, 11 ; 1 Chron. vi, 40; xiii, 2, etc.), or for any other purpose (Ezek. xxvii, 28; xlv, 2 ; xlviii, 17). Once (2 Kings xxiii, 11) it stands for ^1"iS, ptn'i'a?', which is but a MS. variation of Parbar (q. v.).
SUBURBS, in an ecclesiastical sense, meant, in the earlj' Church, all the towns and villages within the re- gion or district to which the city magistrate extended his jurisdiction, whose bounds, for the most part, were the bounds of the bishop's diocese. See Bingham, Christ. Antiq. bk. ix, ch. ii, § 3.
Succat is said to have been the proper name of St. Patrick ((). v.).
Succeiisum, an old term for a censer. See Thuri- ble.
Succentor, a term used to denote — 1. A precen- tor's assistant in a cathedral church; 2. A singer in a collegiate church or chapel; 3. A subprecentor; 4. A cantor. — Lee, (Jloss. of Litury. Terms, s. v.
Succession, Apostolical, a favorite term with prelatists and High -Churchmen to designate what is claimed tO' be an unbroken line of clerical ordination from the apostles to the present time. In the Roman Church this claim is put forth in the most absolute and dogmatic manner through the Tridentine canons, which excommunicate and anathematize all other branches of the Christian Church as heretics and schismatics. ,In the Greek, Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, and Oriental churches generally, the same exclusive principle is maintained, although not avowed in so positive and formal a manner. A similar pretence is set up by many Protestants, such as the established churches of Euro- pean coinitries. particularly of (ireat Britain and Ire- land, and so likewise by the Vaudois, the iVloravians, and others, who assort that they can trace their clerical pedigree in a direct line to the apostles ; and in like manner the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States, and other offshoots of the English Church, pride themselves upon their ecclesiastical lineage, as being in the " regular succession." On the other hand, the de- nominations "unchurched" by this claim justly take exception to the clerical genealogy thus arrogated, on the following grounds :