Tancred of Sicily, the son of Eudes, a Norman baron, and of I'^nima, the sister of Robert Guiscard, was one of the celebrated heroes of the first Crusade, and was born after the middle of the 11th centurj'. Some chroniclers profess to detail the events of his early life, describing him as the most accomplished youth of his time in athletic and military exercises, and of a wisdom far surpassing that of men of mature years, and as a partisan of his cousin Bohemond in the quarrel with their uncle Roger of Sicily. But the first au- tiientic information respecting him is that he raised a large body of men in Apulia and Calabria, and joined Bohemond, then on his way to the first Crusade. The two cousins landed in Epirus, and first one and then the other made his submission to the Greek emperor Alexis. Tancred's exploits on the way to Syria; his quarrel with Baldwin for the possession of Tarsus, and his subsequent chivalrous forbearance to and rescue of his rival; his wondrous valor before Antioch, where he killed no fewer than 700 infidels, transmitting the heads of seventy to the pope, and receiving a corresponding luimber of marks of silver in return; his vigorous re- pulse of the first sortie by the infidels from Jerusalem ; his sad and lonely vigil on the jMount of Olives; and his gallantry at the storming of the sacred city, are all detailed b}' the numerous chroniclers of this epoch in their usual style of extravagant laudation, but with a harmony which speaks favorabl_v for their correct ap- preciation of his character. He was one of the claim- ants of the throne of .Jerusalem, and was pacified by Godfrey (q. v.), the successful competitor, with the gift of some towns in Palestine, and the principality of Gal- ilee or Tiberias. A brief quarrel .with Baldwin, after Godfrey's death, petty combats with the infidels, and occasional wars with the other Christian princes who had settled iu Syria and Palestine occupied the remain- der of his life, which was brought to a close at Antioch in 1112. Besides his own principality, he governed that of Antioch, belonging to his cousin Bohemond, from 1100. The fiery and energetic, but at the same time pious, sagacious, anil forbearing, chief whom the chroniclers present to us has been considerably toned down by Tasso in his Gerusalemme Liberata, — Cham- bers''s Enq/clop. s. v.
Tan'humeth [some Taidiu'met]i'\ (Heb. Tanchu'- metk, ri'arpri, consolation ; Sept. Oavafid^ or Oavat- /«3 V. r. Bai'E/ia3-, etc.; Vulg. Thanehiimetli), the fa- ther (Flirst saj-s mother, as the name is fern.) of Seraiah,
in the time of Gcdaliah (2 Kings xxv, 23, where he ap- pears as a Netophathite by the clerical omission of an- other name, as is evident from the parallel paissage, Jer. xl, 8). B.C. ante 582.
Ta'nis {Tanq, the Greek form (Judith i, 10) of the Egyptian city Zoan (q. v.).
Tankerfield, Geouoe, an English martyr, was a native of York, and followed the occupation of a cook. Seeing the great cruelty shown by the papists under (pieen Mary, he began to doubt their doctrines and to abhor them. After study, reflection, and prayer, he ab- jured popery, whereupon he was arrested and taken to Newgate in February, 1555. Being summoned before bishop Bonner, he declared his convictions concerning auricular confession, the mass, etc. He was sentenced to death, and was burned at the stake Aug. 26. See Mihier's Fox, Hist, of Christ. Marty^xlom, ii, 770.
Tanner {jivpatvQ, Hebraized in the Talmud as ■'Olia, also "ipOIIS), the occupation of Simon of Joppa (Acts ix, 43; X, 6, 32). This trade, on account of the bad smell connected with it (comp. Schol. on Arisfoph. Eq. 44; Petron. Sat. 11), was despised among the Jews (Kethuboth, vii, 10 ; Merjillah, iii, 2 ; see Schottgen, Uor. Heb. i, 447; Wettstein, N. T. ii, 516). Those who fol- lowed it were called by the Greeks f3vpirodpk\l/ai, in Latin coriarii, subortarii (Guter, Inscript. p. 1548, No. 8). They usually had their work -place outside the cities (Artemid. i, 51 ; IMishna, Baba Bathru, ii, 9), or on streams or the sea (Acts x, 6). See Walch, Dissert, in A ct. Apost. ii, 101 sq. — Winer, See Mechanic. The ancient Egyptians used the bark of various trees for tanning (Wilkinson, ii, 106). See Leather. The tan- neries of Joppa are now on the shore south of the city (Thomson, Land and Booh, ii, 281). Several circum- stances, however, confirm the tradition of the present " house of Simon" there (Stanley, Palest, p. 269). See Simon.
Tanner, the name of several theological scholars and writers.
1. Adam, born at Innsbruck in 1572, a Jesuit, lect- ured on theology at Ingolstadt and Vienna, was made chancellor of the University of Prague, and died March 25, 1632, at Unken. He wrote, Bericht iiber die Dispu- tation zu Re;/ensburff,lG01 (Munich, IGO'I) i—Theoloffia Scholastica (4 vols.): — Anatomia Confessionis Augus- tance: — Apoloc/ia pro Societate Jesu (Vienna, 1618): — Disputationes Theoloffiw in Sunmiam ThomcB : — Astrolo- ffia Sacra (Ingolstadt, 1621).
2. Conrad, born at Schwyz Dec. 28, 1752, was made abbot of Eiiisiedeln in 1808, and died April 7, 1825. He wrote. Die Bildung des Geistlichen diirch Geistesiibungen (Augsburg, 1807, 2 vols. ; 6th ed. 1847) : — Betrachtungen zi/r sittlichen Avfkldrung im 19/e« Jahrhundert (ibid. 1804): — Betrachtungen avf die Feste des Herrn mid der Heiligen (ibid. 1829 sq.).