7, There is not any Targum, so far as is known, upon Ezra and Nehemiah. Part of Ezra is already Chaldee, and Nehemiah was counted with it as one book.
8. To the Koman edition of the Sept. of Daniel, pub- lished in 1772, a Chaldee version is added of the Apoc- ryphal pieces in Esther. This has been printed by De Rossi, accompanied by a Latin version, remarks, and dis- sertations {Specimen Vnriarum Lectioinnn Sacri Texhis et Clialddica Estheris A ddit amenta, etc. [ Tiib. 1783, 8 vo ] ) .
An edition of the Chaldee Hagiographa was publish- ed by Lagarde (Leips. 1873).
VI. Fraf/mentury Turf/iims on the Other Books. — Ac- cording to Ziniz, the Jerusalem Targum — or rather, as it should be called, the Palestinian one — extended to the prophetic books also, and he justifies his opinion by the following particulars, which we give in his order : Abud- raham cites a Jerusalem Targum on 1 Sam. ix, 13, and Kimclii has preserved several passages from it on Judges (xi, 1, consisting of 47 words), on Samuel (i, 17, 18: 106 words), and Kings (i, 22, 21: 68 words; ii, 4, 1: 174 words; iv, 6: 55 words; ver. 7: 72 words; xiii, 21: 9 words), under the simple name of Tosephtah, i.e. Ad- dition, or Additional Targum. Luzzato has also lately found fragments of the same, under the names "Targum of Palestine," " Targum of Jerushalmi," " Another Read- ing." etc., in an African codex written A.M. 5247= A. D. 1487, viz., on 1 Sam. xviii, 19; 2 Sam. xii. 12; 1 Kings V, 9, 11, 13; X. 18, 26; xiv, 13; on Hos. i, 1 ; Obad. i,'l. On Isaiah (ch. Ixvi), Rashi, Abudraham (liv, 11), and Farissol (Ixvi) quote it, agreeing in part with a frag- ment of the Targum on this prophet extant in Cod. Urbin. Vatican. No. 1, containing about 190 words, and beginning, " Prophecy of Isaiah, which he projjhesied at the end of his prophecy in the days of Manasseh the son of Hczekiah. the king of the tribe of the house of Judah, on the 17th of Tamnz, in the hour when Manas- seh set up an idol in the lemple," etc. Isaiah [iredicts in this his own violent death. Parts of this Targum are also found in Hebrew, in Pesikiah Rahbathi, G a, and Yalhit Isii. 58 d. A Jerusalem Targum on Jere- miah is mentioned by Kimclii ; on Ezekiel by R.Simon. Nathan (Aruch), and likewise by Kimchi, who also .speaks of a further additional Targum on Jonathan for this book. A Targum Jerushalmi on IVIicah is known to Rashi, and of Zechariah a fragment has been pub- lished by Bruns (Repert. pt. xv, p. 174) from a Reuch- linian MS. (Cod. Kennic. 154), written in 1106. The passage, found as a marginal gloss to Zech. xii, 10, reads as follows :
" Tarmmi Jn-vshahni. — And I shiill ponr out npon the hou-ie of David .•iiid llie inh.-ibiiiiiils of Jerus^ideni the spirit of propliccy and of pi-a_vei- for truth. And afler this ^IimII ^:(> foilh lMet^^iMll the Son ofEphiMim to wage war iiguinst; Gog. And GoLT will kill him before the city of Jerusa- lem. They will look up to ine and they will ask me wheiefore the heatlieiis have killed Messiah the Son of Ephraini. They will then mourn over him us mourn father and mother over an only son, and they will wail over hitu as one wails over a first-born."
A Targum Jerushalmi on the third chapter of Ilal)ak- kuk, quoted by Rashi. is mentioned by De Rossi (Cod. 265 and 405, both of the 13th century).
To the.se quotations, which led Zimz to draw the in- ference that the Jerusalem Targum extended to the prophetic books also, a large number of fragments and variations must now be added since the publication of the Reuchlinian codex by Lagarde. These fragments and variations deviate from the common translation, and are introduced by five different designations, as
"iTI"!'^, and 5'^S>S. These additions, as found in the Reuchlinian codex, have been analyzed in a very schol- arly maimer by Dr. Bacher, in the Zeitschrift der deut- scheii inorfjenl. GeseltschciJ't, 1874, xxviii, 1 sq., and they extend to the following books, viz. : Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah. Jeremiah, Ezekiel. Hosea, Joel, Amos, Jonah, Micah, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, and Zech- ariah. Obadiah, Nahum, Haggai, and IMalachi are not included. Zunz, after referring to the conjecture that the Jerusalem Targum on the jiropliets embraced noth- ing more than the Hajihtaroth, or lessons, remarks that the idea is untenable, because the expressions of the au- thors who allude to it go to show that they had seen Targums upon entire books (Goitesd. Voifrdr/e, p. 78). This may be so; but the existence of an entire Targum of Palestine on all the prophets is problematical. We have seen al)ove, if the Reuchlinian MS. may be taken as a standard, that on four prophets, viz. Obadiah, Na-' hum, Haggai, and Malachi, such fragments are not given. Some books may have received such a para- phrase; on others, and those the great majority of the prophetical books, there is reason to doubt its existence. It is more probable that portions were treated para- phrastically in the spirit of the later Haggadah — por- tions selected on no definite principle, but adopted by the fancy or liking of paraphrasts; and we are the more justified in this conclusion when comparing Dr. Bacher's parallels from the Talmud and Midrash with these frag- mentary additions. Deutsch, the writer of the art. "Targum" in Smith's Diet, of the Bible, thinks "the Babylonian version — the Jonathan Targum — though paraphrastic, did not satisfy the apparently more imagi- native Palestinian public. Thus from heaped-up ad- ditions and marginal glosses, the stc]) to a total rewrit- ing of the entire codex in the manner and taste of the later times and the different locality was easy enough." Be it as it may, this question will always remain, as Dr. Bacher says, "one of the darkest points in the disquisi- tion of the Targimi on the prophets."