2 vols.), and edited with a Latin translation and learned annotations. The Erfurt IMS. has many chasms, espe- cially in the first fourteen chapters. The third codex, of the year 1347, and belonging to the University of Cambridge, was published by David Wilkins (Amster.
1715). Here the text is complete, so that the hicunet in Beck's edition are filled. Like its predecessor, it has also a Latin version, but there are no notes, (ireat as was Wilkins's ability for editing this Targum, yet it speaks badly for his knowledge that he has put on the title-page R. Joseph as the author (though Beck was of the same opinion), and that he has made him rector of the academy in Syria, instead of Sora in Babylonia. Wilkins's edition was lately republished from a copy found at Prague by Dr. Rahmer, under the title C"3"in QiTiin i-.m h'C (Thorn, 1866), and the deviations from Beck's edition are given in notes. We cannot en- ter here upon a comparison of the Erfurt codex with that of Cambridge. As to the authorship of this Targum, its ascription to R. Joseph the Blind must be regarded as exploded. Whether it is the work of one author or of more cannot now be decided. Language, style, maimer, and Haggadic paraphrase show its Palestinian origin. Zunz remarks that it sometimes transcribes the Jerusa- lem Targum on the Pentateuch verbally, as in the ge- nealogical table of tlie first chapter (comp. ver. 51 with the Jerusalem Targum on Gen. xxxvi, 39). So, also, in the psalm passages in 1 Chron. xvi, its words often coincide with the Targum on Psa. cv and xcvi. The origin of this Targum cannot be put earlier than the 8th century; or, as the most recent writer on this Tar- gum thinks, the older text, as preserved in the Erfurt codex, belongs to the middle of the 8th century, and the later, as preserved in the Cambridge codex, to the beginning of the 9th. Owing to the late origin of this Targum, we must not be surprised at finding the name of Hungary occurring in it, as well as some other foreign words, besides many fables, especially in the ex]ilana- tion of proper names. P'or critical purposes both edi- tions must be used— the Hmt, Paiaphrasis Chiddaica Lib?: Chronicorum, aura. M. F. Beckii, for the learned notes; the second, Pa7-aphr<isis . . . auctore E.Josepho, etc., for the more correct and complete text. The writer of the art. "Targum" in Smith's Diet. of the Bible states that " the science of exegesis will profit little by it" (this Targum). What we know of the subject induces us to hold an opposite opinion (see Frankel, Monutsschrift, 1867, p. 349 sq.; but, more especially, Rosenberg, Das Targum zur Chronik, in (ieiger's Jiidische Zeitschrift, 1870, p. 72 sq., 135 sq., 263 sq.).
6. The Targum on Daniel. — The existence of this w^ork was first noticed by Munk, who thinks that he found it in a iMS. in the Imperial Library at Paris (No. 45 du Fonds de St.-Germain-des-Pres). The MS., liow- ev^er, contains only a Persian Targum, giving an apoc- ryphal account of Daniel. According to the learned writer, this bx^'iT "^^p, or flistory of Daniel, was taken from a Targum on Daniel in Chaldee. The first words are written in Chaldee, they are then repeated in Per- sian, and the history continues in the latter lan- guage. After several legends known from other Tar- gums, follows a long prophecy of Daniel, from which the book is shown to have been written after the first Crusade. Mohammed and his successors are mention- ed, also a king who, coming from Europe (■!<"^''CT1 TX), will go to Damascus, and kill the Ishmaelitic (Moham- medan) kings and princes; he will break down the minarets (mXjTC), destroy the mosques (Nni;;D^), and no one will after that dare to pronounce the name of the Profane (^1DS=Mnhammed). The Jews will also have to suffer great misfortunes (as, indeed, the knightly Crusaders won their spurs by dastardly mur- dering the helpless masses — men, women, and children — in the Ghettos ahuig the Rhine and elsewhere, before they started to deliver the holy tomb). By a sudden transition, the prophet then passes on to the "Messiah, son of Joseph," to Gog and Magog, and to the "true Messiah, the son of David." Jlunk rightly concludes that the book must have been composed in the 12th century, when Christian kings reigned for a brief period
TARGUM
216
TARGUM
over Jerusalem {Xotice sitr Siiadia [Par. 1838], p. 82). Acconiing to the description here iriven, there can be no doubt thai it is the same which Zotenberg publish- ed some years ago, in Persian, with a German transla- tion, in Merx's Archiv, i, 385 sq., and beginning thus: " History of Daniel (peace be npon him)- I am Dan- iel, of the children of Jcconiah, king of the house of Judah." Davidson says, "We must express our doubts about such a Chaldee paraphrase on Daniel, in the absence of all proof that the Persian was made from the Chaldee; for a few Chaldee words at the beginning are no argument in favor of it. All that Munk com- municates— i. e. part of a page — is insufficient to war- rant us in accepting the fact. Yet Steinschneider has referred to 'a Targum on Daniel,' simply on the author- itv of flunk's notice (^Cdlu/of/ns Libroruni llebrworinn in Bihliotheca Bodleiaiia). No Targum upon Daniel is extant, so far as we yet know, and it is very doubtful whether one was ever made. The reason assigned in the Talmud for not rendering the book into Chaldee is that it reveals the precise time of the Messiah's advent. A good part of tlie book is already in Chaldee." To this it may be answered that, at the time when Davidson wrote, this Targum was not yet published, otherwise he would have thought differently. Its contents show that the original Chaldee was the basis of it. A number of Hebrew words occur in it, and it closes with quoting Psa. cxlvii, 2.