Tindale, William. See Tyndale, William.
Tingstad, Johan Apolf, a Protestant divine, doc- tor of theology, and bishop of Strengnas, in Sweden, where he died Dec. 10, 1827, is the author of De Orlu et Cognitione Linguarum Orientalium ((ireifswalde, 1708) : — Animadrersiones Philologica: et Criticce ad Vaticirdum Huhacuci (Upsala, 1795): — Supplemeniorum ad Lexica Ilehr. ,Speciniina A cademica (ibid. 1803) -.-De tolfsmdrre Skrifter af gamla Testamentets Projjheter (Strengnas, 1813) : — KUigsaiiger af Prophet Jeremia (ibid. 1820) : — Psaltaren Profifcersattn. (3d ed. ibid. 1813) -.—Philol. A nmdrkuinge ofrer strodda Stallen i gamla Test. Grund- sprak (iliid. 1.S24). See Winer, Handhurh der theol. Li- teratur, i, 123, 229; ii, 804; FUrst, Bihh Jud. iii, 432; Steinschneider, Bibliograjth. Ilundbuch, No. 2011 (Leips. 1859). (B. P.)
Tinker, Reuben, a missionary of the Presbyterian Church, was born at Chester, Mass., Aug. 6, 1799. He received a good preparatory education ; graduated at Amherst College in 1827, and at the Auburn Theolog- ical Seminary in 1830; and in November of the same year was ordained by the Mountain Association, with a view to his becoming a missionary of the American Board at the Sandwich Islands. He reached the islands at a somewhat critical period, but, in spite of all exist- ing difficulties, the cause of the Gospel was rapidly ad- vancing. In 1834 it was resolved to publish, in the na- tive language, a semi-montlily newspaper devoted to the interests of religion, and he was appointed to con- duct it. In 1.S38 he dissolved his relations with the board, and established hiniself, with the approval of his brethren, at Koloa, on the island of Isani, where he la- bored until he departed for his own country in 1840. In September, 1845, he was installed pastor of the First Presbyterian Ciuirch in Westfield, Chant auqua Co., N.Y., where he continued to labor till near the close of his life. He died Oct. 26, 1854. ;\Ir. Tinker was an elo- (pient preacher, a self-sacrilicing missionary, and a fast and firtn friend. After his death appeared Sermons by Rev. Reuben Tinker, Missionary at the Sandwich Islands ; with a Biographical Sketch by jM. L. P. Thompson, D.D. (Buffalo, 1856. 1 2mo). See Sprague, .4 nnals of the A mer. Pulpit, iv, 770; Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and Amer. Au- thors, s. V. (J. L. S.)
Tinne (or Chippe'wayan) Version. This lan- guage is iiuitc dill'crcnt froui that whicli is called Cliip- peway or CJjibbcway ; it is spoken in the Hudson's Bay Territory, near Fort Sim|)sou, and over a vast tract of country eastwaril of the llocky Mountains. The Kev, W. W. Kirkby, of the Church Missionary Society, has translated the gospels according to Mark and John, which have been printed in the syllabic character, and circulated among those for whom they were designed since 1.S70. (B.' P.)
Tinshemeth. See Mole; Svvax.
Tintoretto, //, or Giaco.mo Poik'sti, a distin- guisliiil Italian painter, was born at Venice, according to Kidulti, in 1512. After being instructed in the rudi- ments of design, he became a pupil of Titian, with whom he studied for a short time oidy ; it being generally stated that Titian dismissed him, being jealous of his talents and progress. He was not discouraged, but re- solved to become the head of a new school. Over his door he wrote, •' JNIicliael Angelo's design, and the color- ing of Titian." He made a special study of light and shade, and of the human form both by living models and by anatomy. Though he possessed many excel- lences, his sovereign merit consisted in the animation of his figures. He flourished for a long period, and re- tained his powers to a great age, dying at Venice in 1594. His three greatest pictures, according to his own estimate and that of others, are. The Crucifxion, in the College of San Kocco ; The lAist Snpjier, now in the Church of Santa Maria della Salute; and II Servo, or the Venetian Slave, condemned to martyrdom by the Turks, invoking the protection of St. Mark. Some of his works are of enormous size, the Crucifxion being forty feet long, the Israelites worshipping the Gulden Calf and the Last Judgment each about sixty feet high. One of his last productions was his Paradiso, in the hall of the great council-chamber of San Marco. Tintoretto wrought so fast, and at so low a price, that few of the other painters in Venice coidd secure em- ployment. The churches and halls of the different communities are overloaded with his productions. See Spooner, h'iog. Diet, of the Fine Arts, s. v.
Tiph'sah (Heb. Tiphsach', HSSri, from HOS, to ford, this being the usual crossing-|)lace of the Eu- phrates [Strabo, xvi, 1, 21] ; Sept, kia^au v. r. Bepaa; Vulg. Thaphsa, Thapsa) is mentioned in 1 Kings iv, 24 as the limit of Solomon's emjiire towards the Eu- phrates, and in 2 Kings xv, 10 it is said to have been attacked by Menahem, king of Israel, who " sinote Tiphsah and all that were therein, and all the coasts thereof." It is generally admitted that the town in- tended, at any rate in the former passage, is that which the Greeks and Romans knew under tlie name of Thup- sacus (Brii/zaKOf), situated in Northern Syria, on the western bank of the Euphrates, not far above Carche- mish. Thapsacus was a town of considerable impor- tance in the ancient world. Xenophon, who saw it in the time of Cyrus the younger, calls it " great and pros- perous'' (jtifydX/; KOI eiidaii-ioji', Anab. i, 4, 11). It must have been a place of considerable trade, the land traffic between East and West passing through it, first on account of its ford-way (which was the lowest upon the Euphrates), and then on account of its bridge (Strabo, xvi, 1, 23) ; while it was likewise the point where goods were both embarked for transport down the stream (Q. Curt, x, 1), and also disembarked from boats which had come up it, to bo conveyed on to their final destination by land (Strabo, xvi, 3, 4). It is a fair conjecture that Solomon's occupation of the place was connected with his efforts to establish a line of trade with Central Asia directly across the continent, and that Tadmor was intended as a resting-place on the journey to Thapsacus. Thapsacus was the place at which armies marching east or west usually crossed the '•Great River." It was there that the Ten Thousand first learned the real intentions of Cyrus, and, consent-