As to tlie Reformed Church, though Luther was the first who separated the deutero-canonical from the canon- ical books, yet he entertained the highest opinion of the book of Tobit. " If it is history," says the great Re- former, " it is tine holy history ; but if fiction, it is indeed right beautiful, wholesome, profitable fiction, and play of an ingenious poet. ... It is, therefore, profitable and good for us Christians to read this book as the produc- tiiin of an excellent Hebrew poet, who treats not on frivolous, but solid, matters" (ro?-/«/p zinii Biiche Tobia. in his translation of the Bible, ed. 1534). In the Angli- can Cluirch the book of Tobit is looked upon with still greater favor — iv, 7-lG is quoted in the Homilies as the counsel of the holy father Toby (JJn A [ins-deeds, pt. i) ; iv, 10 is cited as a lesson tauglit by " the Holy Ghost in Scripture" (^ibid. pt. ii) ; and xii, 8 is adduced to show that the angel Raphael told Tobias that ■•fasting used with prayer is of great efficacy" ((>/' Fasting, pt. ii). Passages of Tobit are also incorporated in the liturgy; iv, 7-9 is among the passages used at the offertory; iii, 3, according to the Latin Yidgate, is introduced into the litany; vi, 17, according to the Vulgate, is alluiled to in the preface to the Marriage Service: while in the jiraycr X.— F F
following immediately after the versicles and responses in tlie same service in the First Wwk of Praver of Ed- ward VI, the following sentence is used : "And as thou didst send tlie angel Rapiiael to Thohie and Sara, the daughter of Ragiiel, to their great comfort, so voucl;s:d'e to send thy blessing u|)on these tiiy servants" (Parker Society's ed. p. 131 ).
VII. Commentaries. — The following are the special exegetical helps on this Apocryjihal book: Fagius, To- bite Liber (Isny, 1542, 4to; also in the Loud. Polytjiot, 1057, fol.); Minister, ■'Ilil! ^20 (liasle, 1542, 1549, 155(;, 15C3, 4to; also in Walton's Polyglot'); Drusius, J'ohios Gnece (Franeck. 1591, 8vo; also in his Criticc Sacro); Senaritis, In IJbros Tobice, Judith, etc. (JMaiiiz, 1010, fol.) ; Drexe\, Tobias J llnstratus '(^lun. 1(511. I2mo).; Sanctius, In Libros Ruth, Tobias, etc. ( Lugd. 1 028, fol.) ; J ustinian, Tobias Illnstratus (Col. 1629, fol.) ; Van ]Mauden, Tobias Belineatus (Antw. 1031, fol.) ; 13(/3\oc Ai'^wi' Tiofiir, etc. (in the eds. of the Apocrypha, ¥. ad M. 1034, 1757, 8vo; by Aogusti [Leips. I8<14. 8vo] ; Apel [ib. 1830, 8vo]) ; Celada, Comminlurius in ToL Hist. (Lugd. 1044, fol.); Anon. Tobie, Judith, et Esther, avec Explication (Paris. 1088, 8vo) ; Van der Hardt, ACnifpnn Tobica, etc. (Helmst, 1728, 4to) ; Aden, H^ri:; ^SO (Amst. 1736, 8vo); Sabatier, Liber Tobit (in the Vetus Latina [Par. 1751 , fol.], vol. i) ; Seller, Pred. iib. d. B. Tobias (Munich, 1780, 8vo); Le Clerc, Liber Tobim (Par. IT-Hh, 8vo); Bauer, Das B. Tobias erhidrt (Bramb.-Wiirtzb. 1787, 1793, 12mo); Eichhorn, Ueb. d. B. Tobias (in his ki- btiothvk,\\, i\{)-A\Q [Leips. 1787-WOO]); Ilgen, ///e Gesch. Tobi's {,]en. 1800, 8vo); Hiipfner. Ilistoria Tobice Greece (Vitemb. 1802, 4to) ; Dereser, Tobias, Judith u. Esth. erkliirt (Frankfort-on-the IMaiii, 1803, 1833, 8vo); Paur, Das B. Tobias bearbeitet (Leips. 1817, 8vo); Van Ess, Liber Tobia' (Tub. 1822, 8vo) ; Friinkel, Das B. Thobi (in his Cili^nN; O^nWS [Leips. 1830, 8vo]); Siebenberger, n*3l^ "*n (Heb. translation and com- mentary [Warsaw, 1839, 8vo]); Giitfmann, Die Apokr. des A . T. (Altona, 1841, 8vo) ; Cittadini and Bottari, Libri di Tobia, Giuditta, e Ester (Veil. 1844, 8vo); Fritzsche, Die Biicher Tobi ntulJadith (vol. ii of the Kvrzf/ef. exeij. //«Kf/i. [Leips. 1853, 8vo]); Reiisch, Das B.Tobias erklart (Freib. 1857, 8vo) ; Sengelmann. l)as B. Tobit erklart (Hamb. 1857, 8vo). See Apocuvpha.
Tobler, Trrrs, a German writer known for his re- searches in Palestine, was born June 25, 18("K), at Stein, in the canton of Appenzell, Switzerland. He studied at Zurich and Vienna, was promoted as doctor of medi- cine in Wiirzburg, and, after spending a time in Paris, returned in 1827 to his native place and settled there as a physician. In 1835-30 he travelled in Palestine for mere medical purposes (comp. Lustreise ins Moryenland [Zurich, 1839,2 vols.]), but he soon became so interested in the topographico- geographical exploration of the Holy Land that he undertook a second journey in 1^45. See his Bethlehem (St. (iall. 1849): — Plan von Jerusalem (\SbOy.—Gol;/atha (1851): — /vie Siloahqttflle und der Oelberej (1852) : — Denkbldtter axis Jerusalem (18,53, 2d ed. 1850) : — and especially Topographic von Jerusalem u. seinen Umgebungen (IJerlin, 1853-54,2 vols.): — Bcitrag zur medicin. Topographic von .lernsalem (ibid. 1855). He undertook a third journey, and published as the re- sults, Planographie vonJerusakw ((iotlia, 1858) : — Dritte Wanderung nach Paldslina (ih'id. 1859). In 1805 he went for the fourth time, but on account of tlie cholera he soon returned and published Nazareth in Paldslina, nebst A n- hang der vierten Wandei-ung (Berlin, 1808). Besides these works, he published, De Locis Sanctis. quipperambu- lavit A ntonius Martyr c. an. 570 (St. ( iall. 1 803'! : — Tlieo- doricus de Locis Sanctis (ibid, 1805): — Bibiiographiu Geographica Palestince (Leips. 1807) : — Der grosse Streit der Lateiner mit den Griechen in Palestina, etc. ( St. Gall. 1870): — Palestinxe Descriptiones ex S<eculo IV, I', et VI (ibi<l. 1809): — Descriptiones Terree Sanctce ex Sceculo VIII, IX, XII, et XV (Leips. ISTi): — Bibliographia