Besides the editions of Wagenseil and Hiddrich, see Clemens, Die geheimgekaltenen oder sogtnannten apukrij'
TOLERATION
457
TOLLNER
phiscken Evanffelien ( Stuttg. 1850), pt. v ; Aim, Die Urthnle heidnischer inid Jiiducher Sckriftsteller der tier ersttn christlicheiiJahrhunderte iiber Jfsus und die eisfen Chrigtm (Leips. 18G4), p. 137 sq. ; Baring-Gould, The Lost and Hostile (Juspels (Loud. 1874), p. (J7 sti. ; De' liossi, Dizivnariu Storico (Germ, traiisl.), p. olG sq. See Jesus Chkist. (15. 1'.)
Toleration is tlie allowance given to that which is not a|)proved. Tlie Church, as the depository and dispenser of religious truth, cannot bring within tlie range of its theory the allowance of that which it holds to be an error. The Church of England h<ilds (Art. vi) that it is not required of any man that anything should be believed as an article of the faith, or be thought req- uisite or necessary to salvation, which is not read in Holy Scri|)ture or may not be proved thereby. But if any man profess what is clearly contrary to that which the Church has laid down as an article of the faith, then, in the Churcii's view, he professes what is con- trary to the Scripture, and there can be no warrant for allowing that which is contrary to Scripture. The Church, however, while refusing any allowance to error, may refrain from denunciation and persecution of those w.io profess and maintain erroneous doctrines. — Hook, (Jliurch Bict.s.v. See Pkiisecution.
TOLEIJATION, Acts of. Previous to 1868 the statute law of (ireat Britain (see 35 Eliz. and 2'2 Car. H) forbade the public exercise of any other religion than that of the Church of England. The Toleration Act (I Will, and ]Mary, c. IH) Ireesfrom the penalty of nonconformity those who take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, and whf> subscribe the declaration against pojiery of 30 Car. H, ii, c. 1, reserving in force 35 Car. H, c. 2, and 13 Car. H, c. 1, the acts, that is, for preventing dangers which may happen from popish recusants, and for pre- serving the king's person and government by disabling papists from sitting in Parliament. It did not relieve Dissenters from such previous acts as required members of town corporations, and all persons holding office, un- der the crown, to receive the sacrament of the Lord's supper according to the usage of the Church of Eng- land, which were continued in force until 1828, when they were repealed by the 9 Geo. IV, c. 17. Preachers taking the oaths and subscribing the Articles of Relig- ion, except xxxiv, xxxv, xxx\i, and the clause of xx regarding the power and authority of the Church, are freed from the penalties of the Acts of Nonconformity; and Baptist preachers are excused the part of Art. xxvii touching infant baptism. Quakers, upon making a dec- laration of fidelity, and subscribing a profession of Chris- tian belief, are exempted from the oaths and enjoy the privileges of other Dissenters.
By the 19 Geo. Ill, c. 44, Protestant Dissenting min- isters and schoolmasters are exempted from the sub- scription to the articles on making and subscribing a declaration that the Scriptures contain the revealed will of (iod, and are received as the rule of doctrine and prac- tice. By the 53 (ieo. HI, c. 10(5. the provisions of the Act of Will, and Mary, also those of 9 and 10 Will. HI respecting the denial of the Trinity, were repealed, the common law with respect to impugning the doctrine of the Trinity not being altered. By the 52 tJeo. Ill, c. 155, the Five-mile and Conventicle acts, and an Act re- lating to Quakers (13 and 14 Car. II, c. 1), are repealed ; all religious assemblies of fewer than twenty persons be- come lawful without registration; those of more than twenty persons are to be registered and certified ; and a fine of twenty pounds is laid upon those who disturb any congregation assembled for worship. By 9 (ieo. IV, c. 17, the Test and Corporation acts are repealed, and a declaration substituted in lieu of the sacramental test. See Blunt, Hist, of JJoct. s. v. ; Hook, Church Diet, s. v.
Tolet (or Toletanus). See Tolkdo. Toll (n^T2. Ezra iv, 20, or [Chald.] H^?^, iv, 13; yii, 24, tribute [so called from being measured or appor-
tioned], as Neh. v, 4) is strictly a tax for passing along, a highway or other thoroughfare. See Tax; TuiBLrii. In the Koinan period taxes were collected along the roads or along the navigable waters by \\\& postiloces,oT custom-house officers. There was also a class of publi- cans who had houses or booths built lor them at the foot of bridges, at the mouth of rivers, and by the seashore, where they took toll of passengers tliat went to and fro. For this purpose they used tickets or seals, which, when a man !iad |)aid toll on one side of a river, were given him by the publican to show to him that sat on the other side that it might appear he had jiaid. On these were written two great letters, larger than those in com- mon use. Modern C)riental usages illustrate the cus- tom referred to in Matt, ix, 9. Arriving at Persepolis, Mr. jNIorier observes, " Here is a station of ruhdiirs, or toll-gatherers, appointed to levy a toll iqion ktijilahs, or caravans of merchants, and who in general exercise their office with so much brutality and extortion as to be execrated by all travellers. The collections of the toll are farmed, consequently extortion ensues; and, as most of the rahdars receive no other emolument than what they can exact over and above the prescribed dues from the traveller, their insolence is accounted for, and a cause sufficiently powerful is given for their insolence, on the one hand, and the detestation in which they are held, on the other. DaJ'-f/ah means the place of tribute; it may also be rendered the recei()t of cus- tom, and perhaps it was from a place like this that our Saviour called Jlatthew to follow him." See Cl'stom, IJiiCEii'T OF. At Smyrna the miriji sits in the house allotted to him, as Jlatthew sat at the receipt of custom (or in the custom-house of Capernaum), and receives the money which is due from various [jersons and com- modities entering the city. " The exactions and rude behavior of these men," says Blr. Hartley, " are just in character with the conduct of the publicans mentioned in the New Test. When men are guilty of such con- duct as this, no wonder that they were detested in an- cient times as were the publicans, and in modern times as are the mirijis." See Publican.