In tlie reign of Edward I the tombs of persons of commenced, and in the earlier part of the 14th prevail- rank began to be ornamented on the sides with armo- ed, of inlaying flat stone with brasses; and sepulchral rial bearings and small sculptured statues within pedi- inscriptions, though they hail not yet becf)me general, mental canopied recesses; and from these we may pro- are more frequently to be met with. The sides of gressively trace the peculiar iiiiimfiw and enrichments j these tombs are sometimes relieved with niches, sur- of every style of ecclesiastical architecture up to the mounted by decorated pediments, each containing a Keformation. I small sculptured ligure, sometimes with arched panels
Altar, or table tombs, called by Lcland " high tombs," filled with tracery. Other tombs about the same peri- with recinnbent effigies, are common during the whole od, but more freipiently in the 15th century, were dec- <if the 14th century. These sometimes api)ear beneath orated along the sides with large s(|iiare-pnnelled com- spleiidi<l pyramiilical canopies, as the tomb of Edward partments, richly foliated or quatrel'oiled, and cimtaiu- II iu Gloucester Cathedral, Hugh le Despenser and lug shields.
Many of the tombs of the 15th and Kith centuries appear beneath arched recesses fixed in or projecting fmin the wall, and enclosing the tomb on three sides. These were con- structed so as to form canopies, which are often of the most elaborate and costly workman- ship: they are I'reciuently flat at the top, particularly in the later period. These canopies were sometimes of carved wood of very elaborate workman- ship; and sometiines the altar- tomb of an earlier date was at a later period enclosed within a screen of open-work, with a groined stone canop\', and an upper story of wood, forming a mortuary chapel or chantry, as the shrine of St. Frideswide at Christ Church, Oxford.
In the early part of the 16th century the moninnents were generally of a similar charac- ter to those of the ]ircceding age; but alabaster slabs with figures on them, cut in outline, were frequently used. The al- tar-tombs with figures in niches, carved in bold relief, were also frequently of alabaster, which was extensively quarried in Derbyshire. Towards the mid- dle of this century the Italian style of architecture had come into general use ; Wade's mon- ument, in St-IMichael's Church, Coventry, 155(>, is a good exam- ple of the mixture of the two styles which then [in vailed.
In the two follo^^in^■ centu- ries every sort of barbarism was introduced on funeral moiui- ments; but the ancient style lingered longer in some jilaces than in others. The tomb of Sir Thomas I'ope, founder of
Allar-ioiub of Sir JoLm Cleike, St. Marj'n
Oxfordshire.
TOMLINE
461
TOXGAN VERSION
Biedon, ^^^)lce'-ter-lllIe
Trinity College, Oxford — who flied in 1558 — in the chapel of that society, shows the altar-tomh in its de- based form, after the true ;vra of Gothic architecture had passed away.
A few traces of square tombs remain in our church- yards, but they are in all cases much decayed by the weather. There is also a kind of stone known as a head-stone, which is cliiefly used in modern times; but while there are few media'val examples remaining, there is no reason to suppose but that thej' were very ■.numerous. One at Temple Bruer is probably of the 12th century; another at Lincoln is probalily of the 13th. A very simple example from Handborough church-yard is possibly of the loth century.— Parker, Gloss, of A rchilect. s. v.
Haudborough, Oxfordshire.
Toiiiline, Georgk. D.D.. an English prelate, the son of (ieorgc and Susan Pretyman, was born at Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk. Oct. 9, 175t). He was educated at Bury School and at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, where he took his A.B, degree, and was senior wrangler in 1772. The following year he was elected a fellow of his college, and was immediately appointed tutor to Mr. I'itt, Between 1773 and 1775 he was ordained deacon and priest, and in the kitter year proceeded A.;\I., be- coming in 17«1 moderator of the university. He became private secretary to Mr. Pitt when the latter was made chancellor of the exchequer, in 1782. In this year he was collated to the rectory of Corwen, in Merioneth- shire, an<l in 1784 he was appointed to a prebendal stall in Westminster. He was presented in 1785 to the rectory of Sudborne-cum-Offofd, in Suffolk; and in January, 1787, was advanced to the bishopric of Lincoln and the
. deanery of St. Paul's, when he ceased to be private sec- retary to Mr. Pitt. In 1813 he refused the see of London, and continued bishop of Lincoln over thirty-two years, being translated to the see of Winchester in July, 1820, in which he continued till the time of his death, Nov. 14, 1827. His publications are, Elements of Christian The- ology (1799, 2 vols. 8vo; republished in 19 editions): — Exposition of the XXXIX A rticles, with an A ccount of Enylish Translations of the Bible and Llturr/y (Oxf. 1835,
.I'Imd) •.-—Refutation of Culciuisin (Lond. 1811, 8vo; 4th
ed. in preparation the same year) : — ASermon*, etc. Sec Emjl. Ci/ctop. s. v.; Alii bone, Lict. of Ilrit, and Amer. A i(lhor.'<, s. V.
Tomlinson, George, D.D., a jirelate of the Church of England, was educated at St. John's Coir lege, Cambridge, from which he graduated in 1822. After having served for several years as miidster of St. Matthew's Chapel, Spring (iankns, Westminster, he was nominated, in 1842, to the bishopric of (iil)raltar, which extends over Malta and the neighboring islands. He died at tiibraltar in 18G3. See .4 7ner, Qnar. Church Rev. .\\)n\, 18('.3, p. 154.