It was at Tripolis that, in the year B.C. Sol, the plan was concocted for the simultaneous revolt of the I'htc- iiician cities and the Persian dependencies in Cyprus against the Persian king Ochus. Although aided by a league with Nectanebus, king of Egypt, this attempt failed, and in the sequel a great part of Sidon was burned and the chief citizens destroyed. Perhaps the imiKirtauce of Tripolis was increased by this misfortune of its neighbor, for soon after, when Alexander invaded Asia, it appears as a port of the tirst order. After the battle of Issus, some of the Greek officers in Darius's service retreated thither, and not only found ships enough to carry themselves and eight thousand soldiers away, but a number over and above, which they burned in order to preclude the victor from an immediate pur- suit of them (Arrian, ii, 13). The destruction of Tyre by Alexander, like that of Sidon by Ochus, would nat- urally tend rather to increase than diminish the impor- tance of Tripolis as a commercial port. When Deme- trius Soter, the son of Seleucus, succeeded in wresting Syria from the yoinig son of Antiochns ([?.C. 101), he laniled there and maiie the place the base of his opera- tions. It is this circumstance to whicli allusion is m«de chief subject. In the illustration (from the pencil of in the only passage in which Tripolis is mentioned in | Mr. A. Welby Pugin) the triptych is a kind of cup- the Bible (2 Mace, xiv, 1). The prosperity of the city, ! board with folding-doors, containing a throned tigure so far as appears, continued down to the middle of the of the Virgin Mary crowned, and holding her divine 6th century of the Christian rera. Dionysius Perie- \ child in her lap. A figure of Peter on one side and of getes applies to it the epithet Xnraotii' in the 3d cen- 1 Paul on the other are painted on the inner panels of the tury. In the Peiiliiiqer Table (which probably was ! doors. — Lee, Gloss, of Litui-ff. Ternis, s.v. compiled in the reign of the emperor Theodosius), it appears on the great road along the coast of Phoenicia, and at Ortho- sia (the next station to it northwards) the roails which led respectively into INIesopo- tamia and Cilicia branched off from one another. The possession of a good har- bor in so important a point for land traffic doubtless combined with the richness of the neighboring mountains in determin- ing the original choice of the site, which seems to have been a factory for the pur- poses of trade established by the three great Phcenician cities. Each of these held a portion of Tripolis surrounded by a fortilied wall, like the Western nations at the Chinese ports; but in A.D. 543 it was laid in ruins by the terrible earthquake which happened in the month of ,h\\y of that year, and overthrew Tyre, Sidon, Be- rytus, and Byblus as well. On this occa- sion the appearance of the coast was much altered. A large portion of the promonto- ry Theujirosopon (which in the Christian times had its name, from motives of piety, changed to Lithoprosopon) fell into the sea, and, by the natural ijreakwater it consti- tuted, created a new port, able to contain a considerable number of large vessels. The ancient Tripolis was finally destroyed by the sultan El-Mansiir in A.D. 12«9, and the modern Tarabalus is situated a couple of miles distant to the east, and is no long- er a port. El-Mvna, which is perhaps on the site of the ancient Tripolis, is a small fishing village. Tarabalus contains a population of fifteen or sixteen thousand inhabitants, and is the centre of one of the four pashalics of Syria. It exports silk, tobacco, galls, and oil. grown in the lower parts of the mountain at the foot of which it stands, and performs, on a smaller scale, the part which was formerly taken by Tripolis as the entre- pot for the productions of a most fertile region (Diod. Sic. xvi, 41; Strabo, xvi, 2; Vossius ud .l/t'lum, i, 12; Theophanes, C/iroiwr/rup/iid, sub anno ()043). — Smith. For the modern place, see Pococke, ii, 14(5 sq.; Maun- drell, p. 26; Burckhardr, p. 163 sq. ; Porter, lldiidbool, p. 542; Biideker, Palestine, p. 509 sq. (where a map is given). See Pucenicia.
Tripljxh.
Triquetral {three-cornered), a censor used by bish- op Andrewes, in which the clerk put incense at the read- ing of the first lesson.
Trisacramentarians, a controversial name given to those reformers vvho maintained that there are three sacraments necessary to salvation, viz. baptism, the Lord's supper, and absolution. This opinion was held by some Lutherans at Leipsic, and was authoritatively set forth as a doctrine of the Church of England in the Institution of a Christian Man (1562). — HhmX, Diet, of Sects, s. V.
Trisagion (rplffayim', thrice holy) was so called because of the thrice repeating " Holy, holy, holy, Lord
TRISANTIA
558
TRIUMPH
(}o(l of hosts," in imitation of the serapliim in the vision of [saiali. The ori^jinal of this hymn was " Holy, holy, lioly, Lord God of liosis! heaven and eartli arc foil of thy i^lory, who art, blessed forever. Amen.'' Thns it is in the Coustilntions, and frcciuently in Chrysostom. Afterwards the Church added some words to it, and sang it in this form : "Ayiot,' o Bsoi,', uyiog 'iiT)(vpoc, ilyitiQ d^avaror, iXiijrroi' j/juac ("Holy God, holy Mighty, holy Immortal, have mercy upon us"). The hymn is attributed to the jjatriarch Proclus, in the 4ih century. Tlieodosiiis the younger ordered it lo be sung in the liturgy, after his vision of a child chanting it during an earthnuake at Constantinople. Later still, by Anastasius the emjieror, or by Peter iMiapheus, bishop of Antioch, the following words were added : t» errcivpoj- Biig oi' yfiac (" that was crucified for us"). This was done to oppose the heresy of the TheoiKischitcs (((.v.), which was, in effect, to say that the whole Trin- ity suflFered, because this hymn was commonly apjjlied to the whole Trinity. To avoid this inconvenience, Calandio, bishop of Antioch, in the time of Zeno the emperor, made another addition to it of the words "Christ onr King," reading it thns: "Holy God, holy Mighty, holy Immortal, Christ our King, that wast cru- cilied f(ir us, have mercy on us." These additions occa- sioned much confusion in the Eastern Church, while the Constantinopolitans and Western Church slifHy re- jected them. It was chietly sung in the mitldle of the communion service, though sometimes it was used on other occasions. After the preface this hymn was al- ways sung, and, according to Cyril of Jerusalem, Chrys- ostom, and the second Council of Vaison, also at all masses, matin lenten, or of the dead. — Bingham, Christ. Antiq. bk. xiv, ch. ii, § 3.