Trivet, Nicholas, an English Dominican monk, was born at Norfolk about 1258. He was educated at Oxford and Paris, and became prior of English houses of his order. He died in 1328. He was the author of Annates Sex Rcgum Anglife, cum Continuatione ut et A. Muriuiiithensis Chronicon. etc. (Oxon. 1719-22, 2 vols. 8vo). He left many MSS. on various subjects of phi- losophy and theolog}', as well as a Commentary on Sen- eca's Tragedies, etc. See Chalmers, Biog. Diet. s. v. ; Allibone, J)ict. of Brit, and A mer. A uthors, s. v.
Trivulzi, the name of several cardinals of Italian extraction, but of French association in the diplomatic
movements of their age. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gene' rale, s. \.
1. AcosTixo was the nephew of Antonio (1) ; be- came deacon iu 1517, archbisiiop of Heggio in 1520, and successively bishop of Bobbio (1519-21), Toulon (1524), Asti (1528), Bayeux (1529), and Brugnato (1535); and died at Kome, March 30, 1548.
2. Antonio (1) was born at IMilan in January, 1457, and after various diplomatic services was made bishop of Coma in 1487, and cardinal in 1501. He died at Kome, March 18. 1508.
3. Antonio (2), nephew of the following, was made successor of his uncle Agostino as bishop of Toulon in 1528, and cardinal in 1557. He died June 26, 1559.
4. ScAKAiNiiccio, a learned lawyer, was made pro- fessor of canon law at Pavia in 1491, and in 1499 coun- seHor of Louis XII. He became cardinal in 1517, bish- op of Coma in 1508, and afterwards of Piacenza (1522- 26). He died at the monaster}' of Maguzzano, near Verona, Aug. 9, 1527.
Tio'as (Tpwttf). The city from which Paul first sailed, in consequence of a divine intimation, to carry the Gospel from Asia to Europe (Acts xvi, 8, 11) — where he rested for a short time on the northward road from Ephesus (during the next missionary journey), in the expectation of meeting Titus (2 Cor. ii, 12, 13) ; where, on the return southwards (during the same missionary journey), he met those who had preceded him from Philippi (Acts xx, 6, 6), and remained a week, the close of which (before the journey to Assos) was marked by the raising of Eutychus from the dead during the pro- tracted midnight discourse; and where, after an inter- val of many years, the apostle left (during a journey the details of which are unknown) a cloak and some books and parchments in the house of Carpus (2 Tim. iv, 13) — deserves the careful attention of the student of the New Test., and is memorable as a relic of the famous city of Troy.
The full name of the city was Alexandria Troas (Livy, XXXV, 42), and sometimes it was called sim]ily Alexandria, as by Pliny {Hist. Nat. v, 33) and Strabo (xiii, 593), sometimes simply Troas (as in the New Test, and the /Iw^ y/i«. See Wesseling, p. 334). The former part of the name indicates the period at which it was founded. It was first built by Antigonns. under the name of Antigonia Troas, aud peopled with tlie iidiab- itants of some neighboring cities. Afterwards it was embellished by Lysimachus, and named Alexandria Troas. Its situation was on the coast of Mysia, op]io- site the south-east extremity of the island of Tenedos. The name Troad strictly belongs to the whole district around Troy.
Under the Romans it was one of the most important towns of the province of Asia. It was the chief point of arrival and departure for those who went by sea be- tween Macedonia and the western Asiatic districts; and it was connected bj- good roads with other places on the coast and in the interior. For the latter see the map in Leake's Asia Minor, and in Lewin's St. Paul, ii, 81.
Coins of Troas.
TROAS
561
TKOGYLLIUM
Ruins of the Gymnasium at TiOc
The former cannot be better illustrated than by Paul's two voyaafes between Troas and Philippi (Acts xvi, 11, 12 ; XX, 6), one of wliich was accomplislied in two days, the other in five. At this time Alexandria Troas was a colonia with the Jus Italicum. This strong Roman con- nection can be read on its coins. The Romans had a peculiar feeling connected with the place, in consequence of the legend of their origin from Troy. Suetonius tells us that Julius Cfesar had a plan of making Troas the seat of empire {Cks. 79). It may perhaps be inferred from the words of Horace {Carm. iii, 3, 57) that Augustus had some such dreams. Even the modern name Eslci- Stambul or EsH-Istamhmil (" Old Constantinople") seems to commemorate the thought which was once in Con- stantine's mind (Zosim. ii, 30; Zonar. xiii, 3), who, to use Gibbon's wonis, "before he gave a just preference to the situation of Byzantium, had conceived the design of erecting the seat of empire on this celebrated spot, from which the Romans derived their fabulous origin." The ruins at E^ki-Stambul are considerable. The most conspicuous, however, especially the remains of the aqueduct of Herodes Atticus, did not exist when Paul was there. The walls, which may represent the
extent of the city in the apos- tle's time, enclose a rectangu- lar space, extending above a mile from cast to west, and nearly a mile from north to south. The harbijr (Cony- beare and Ilowson, St. Paul, i,2S3) is still distinctly trace- able in a basin about 400 feet long and 200 broad. — Smith. Descriptions in greater or less detail are given by Pococke, Chandler, Hunt (in Walpole's Jlft'moirs). Clarke, Prokesch, I ; i , 1 1 1 cr ( \FuUfahrten,\)A62), Olivier, Fellows, and the la- ter travellers mentioned in Murray's Handbook for Tur- key in A siu, p. 1 53-1 59. The vicinity has recently become noted fur the discovery of what are presumed to be tlie ruins of ancient Troy at Hisarlik by Schliemann (Troy and its Remains [Lond. 1875]). See also Maclaren, riuin of Troy (Ediiib. 1863) ; Meyer, Gesc/i. von Troas (Leips. 1877).