Turchi, Alessandro, called Veronese, also /.' Orhetto, an Italian painter, was born at Verona (according to Poz- zo) about 1578. When a lad his talent was recognised liv Felice Riccio, who took him into his study, and careful- ly instructed him. Leaving Riccio, he went to Venice, where he studied with Carlo Cagliari, and then proceed- ed to Rome. Here he made his home until his death, in 1648. Turchi excelled in the choice and distribution of his colors, among which he introduced a reddish tint which much enlivens his pictures. At Rome he paint-
ed some altar-pieces and other pictures for the church- es, the most esteemed of which are in the Church of La Concezione. Among his other principal works at Rome are. The Fliijht into E'jypt, in San Romualdo; The. Holy Family, in San Lorenzo ; and (S7. Carlo Borromeo, in San Salvatore. There are also to be noticed his Passion of the Forty .^faiiyis, in San Stefano ; and his Pieta at La Miserict)rdia. See Spooner, Bioy. Hist, of Fine A rts, s. v. Turck, Anthony, a Methodist Episcopal minister, was a native of New York State, and of Dutch descent. He was received into the travelling connection in 1793; "a holy and devout man, indefatigable and successful in his labors, subject to great afflictions, temptations, and trials," but with " increasing sweetness in commun- ion with (iod" towards his end, and victory in death. He died Blarch 13, 1803. See Minutes of Annual Con- ferences, i, 109.
Turibio (Turibius), St., is said to have been born Nov. 16, 1538, of good family. Every Christian per- fection distinguished him in early youth. He was ed- ucated at Valladolid and Salamanca, was made presi- dent of Granada by Philip II, and subsequently became archbishop of Lima, in South America, though still a layman. He was consecrated in 1581, and proceeded to initiate an excellent administration, during which he founded hospitals, seminaries, and churches, ordered diocesan and ]irovincial synods, travelled in the execu- tion of his duties over the entire country, and displayed great devotion during a contagious pestilence. He is credited with the miraculous cure of several persons who were sick, and with at least one succcssfid raising of the dead to life. He died at Santa, Nov. 23, 1600. It is said that his body was brought, undccayed, to Lima after a whole year had passed since his decease, and that it continued to work miracles. He was ac- cordingly beatified in 1679 by Imiocent XI, and canon- ized by Benedict XIII in 1726. See VVetzer u. Welte, Kirchen-Lex. xi, 330 ; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. s. v.
Turin, Coitncil of (Concilinm Turinense), was held at Turin, Italy, in 398, or, according to others, in 401, to settle certain differences which had arisen among the Galilean prelates. The bishops of the province of Aix, Proculus of Marseilles, Simjilicius of Vienne, and the bishop of Aries were present. As Turin was at that time under the metropolitan of IMilan, it is conjectureil that Simplicianus of Milan convoked it.
1. The first question settled in the council was that of Proculus of Marseilles, who (although that see was not in the province) desired to be recognised as metro- politan of the province of Narbonne. The council, for the sake of peace, granted to Proculus iiersonally, but not to his see, the right of primacy which he claimed, declaring, however, that after his death the metropoli- tan should be a bishop of the province itself.
2. The coiuicil took into consideration the differences between the archbishops of Aries and Vieunc, wlio both pretended to the primacy of Viennese (Jaid. The de- cision was that he of the two who could prove his city to be the metropolis of the province as to civil matters should be considered as the lawful metropolitan, and in the meantime they were exhorted to live in peace.
3. The excuses of the bishops Octaviiis, Ursion, Re- migius, and Triferius were considered. These prelates were accused of having conferred orders irregularly and uncanonically. The council decided that, in this case, indulgence should be granted to the four bishops; but that, in future, any bishops so violating the ancient de- crees of the Church should be deprived of the right of ordaining, and of all voice in synodical assemblies; and that thf)se who should be so ordained should be de- posed. This canon was confirmed in the Council of Riez, A.I). 439.
Several other regulations relating to the affairs of the Church were also made, and eight canons in all pid)- lished. See Mansi, Co7?«7. ii, 1155. — 'Landon, M anual of Councils, s. v.
TURKEY
580
TURKEY
Turkey is the largest Mohammeilan empire of the world, CDiitaiiiing extensive possessions in Eastern Eu- rope, Western Asia, and Northern Al'riea. Inchiding the provinces in Europe anil AlVica which arc virtually in- dependent, and only pay an ainuial tribute to the Turk- ish govennnent, the Turkish empire, in 1880, had an area of •2,3t)2,()00 square miles, and 47,000,000 inhabi- tants. In consequence of the treaty of Berlin in 1878, Turkey had to recognise the entire independence of IJouMiania and Scrvia, and to consent to the occupation of IJosnia and Herzegovina by the government of Aus- tria. Jloreover, Ihdgaria and Eastern Houmelia have become virtually independent of Turkish rule, leaving to the Turkish government only a small territory in Europe which is fully under its control. In Africa, Egypt and Tunis are likewise independent in point of administration. Deducting the dependencies, the Turk- ish government at present rules over a territory of 1,04:3,000 square miles, with a population of 23,500,000. In June, 1880, the Supplementary Conference at Berlin declared that in order to carry out the provisions of the treaty of Berlin concerning the rectification of the fron- tier between Turke\' and Greece, Turkey ought to cede to Greece a territory containing about 8292 square miles and 400,000 inhabitants.