TURNER
598
TURRET
In 1G41 he was preferred to the deanery of Rochester, but on the death of the king he was stripped of liis preferments and treated with indignity. At the Res- toration he entered tlie deanery of Canterbnry, August, 1660. He died in October, 1672. See Chahuers, Biu<j. Diet. s. V.
Turner, William, an English divine, was born near BroadoaU, FluUsliire, and for some time previous to going to Oxford he was an imnate of tlie house of Philip Henry, father of Matthew, the commentator. He took his A.M. at Edmund Hall, Oxford, June 8, 1675. Becoming, afterwards, vicar of AValberton, in Sussex, he resided there in 1697; but the date of his death is uncertain. He published, a Histoi-y of All Re- ligions (Lond. 1695, 8vo) : — Complete History of the Most Remarkable Providences, etc. (1697, f<d.), " This curious collection ranks with the similar performances of Clark, and Wanley in his Hislory of the Little World, but is superior perhaps to both in selection and conciseness." See Chalmers, Bioy. Diet. s. v.
Turner, Williani Hindley, an English Congre- gational minister, was born at Beeston, Leeds, in 1784. He was educated at Kotherham College, and became an exceedingly popular preacher. Mr. Turner's first settle- ment was at Bury, and after seven years' efficient work he removed to Hindley, where he built up a prosperous and manly ministry. In 1862 growing infirmities led him to resign the sfated ministry. He was a disin- terested, devoted, and faithful minister of Christ. He died Dec. 8, 1868. See (Lond.) Cong. Year-book, 1870, p. 324.
Turnus, in ancient Italian mythology, was the king of the Riituli, and a son of Dauinis and Venelia, who was a niece of queen Amata, wife of Latinns. Her daughter Lavinia, having l>een destined by fate to ^Eneas, was the subject of disp\ite between the Trojans and the Latins, in which the former were victorious. Turnus, after many wild battles, was finally killed in a duel with iEneas.
Turpentine-tree (Ttptj-ui'^oc, Tips(3n'3roc ; Vulg. ierebinthus) occurs only once, viz. in the Apocrypha (Ecclus. xxiv, 16), where wisdom is compared with the "turpentine-tree that stretcheth forth her branches." The repifiii'^og or repun'^o^ of the Greeks is the Pistacia terebiiithus, terebinth-tree, common in Palestine and the East, supposed by some writers to represent the eldh (nbx) of the Hebrew Bible. See Oak. The terebinth, though not generally so conspicuous a tree in Palestine as some of the oaks, occasionally grows to a
Pistacia terebintlnis.
large size. See Robinson [Bibl. Res.u, 222, 223), who thus speaks of it. "The butm" (the Arabic name of the terebinth) " is not an evergreen, as often represent- ed, but its small lancet-shaped leaves fall in the au- tumn, and are renewed in the spring. The fiowers are small, and followed by small oval berries, hanging in clusters from two to five inches long, resembling much those of the vine when the grapes are just set. From incisions in the trunk there is said to flow a sort of transparent balsam, constituting a very pure and fine species of turpentine, with an agreeable odor like citron or jessamine, and a mild taste, and hardening gradually into a transparent gum. In Palestine nothing seems to be known of this product of the butm !" The tere- binth belongs to the natural order Anacardiacece, the plants of which order generally contain resinous secre- tions.— Smith. See Tekkhinth.
Turpin (orTilpin),a French prelate of theSth cen- tury, of whose early historj' nothing definite is known, was a monk of St. Denis, and became bisho|) of Kheims probably in 753, after a long opposition by Milon. He was one of the twelve French bishops present in 769 at the council called at Rome by pope Stephen to condemn the antipope Constantine. About 786 Turpin founded a chapel dedicated to St. Denis, which afterwards became an abbacy. He died Sept. 2, 800. He left a genuine let- ter to pope Adrian I, and a romantic Latin Chronicle of the wars of Charlemagne against the Saracens in Spain, the authenticity of which has been greatly doubted, al- though avouched by a declaration of pope Calixtus in 1122. The oldest MSS. of it date from tiie end of the 11th century, and the first writer who speaks of it is Raoul of Tortoire (1096-1145). The Latin text was published in 1584 by Schard, in his Germanicarum Re- rum Chronographi, and French versions have appeared by Raguin (Paris, 1527, 4to; Lyons, 1583, 8vo, etc.), and lately by Ciampi (Florence, 1822, with a dissertation on the author) and Reiffenberg (Brussels, 1836). See Gas- con Paris, i)e Pseudo Turpino (Paris, 1865).
Turpin, Thomas D., a Methodist Episcopal minis- ter, was born in Somerset County, Md., June 30, 1805. He was converted Sept. 8, 1823; licensed to preach Sept. 12, 1827 ; admitted on trial in the travelling connection Feb. 7, 1829, and was appointed to Union Circuit ; in 1830, to Pendleton; in 1831, to the Savannah mission; in 1832, to the Black Swamp Circuit; in 1833, to May and NeAV River; in 1834, to the Wadmatane and John's Island mission and Orangeburg Circuit; in 1835, to Pee Dee; in 1836, to Laurens; in 1837, again to Pendleton; and in 1838, to the Cambridge and Flat Woods mission, where he died, July 26, 1838. See Minutes of Aimuul Conferences, ii, 665.
Turquoise, a' Persian gem of a peculiar bluish- green color, which was very generally used in the Mid- dle Ages for the adornment of every species of sacred vessel, e. g. the chalice, ciborium, altar-cross, mitre, and pastoral staff. — Lee, Gloss, of IJturg. Terms, s. v.