Vaill, Joseph (2), D.D.. a minister of the Con- gregational Church, son of the preceding, was bora
VAILL
69?
VATSIINAVAS
at Hadlyme, Conn., July 28, 1790. He graduated from Yale College in DSll, anil immediately iiegan to teach. For six months he was princiiial of Morris Academy in Litclilield, Conn., and for the same period had charge of a high -school in Salisbury, Conn. Mean- while he was studying theology. His first pastorate was in Brimtield, Conn., where he was ordained and installed Feb. "2, 1814. In 1834 he accepted a call to the Second Church of Portland, Me., where he was in- stalled Oct. 15. About this time Amherst College was pecuniarily involved, and it was necessary to appoint some one to collect funds in aid of it. jMr. Vaill was unanimously chosen. For a long time he had been a trustee of the institution. At this time (1841) he was again pastor at Brimtield, having returned to that charge in 1837, and was loath to accept the agency, but finally consented and removed to Somers, Conn., where he resided nine and a half years, and served the Church there as pastor. At the age of sixty-four he left Somers and settled as pastor of the Second Congrega- tional Church in Palmer, Mass., and he remained in this pastorate until Oct. 13, 18G7, nearly thirteen years. His published sermons, addresses, etc., were about ten in number. His manner in preaching was energetic, and he employed gesture and emphasis effectively. In Brimtield and Somers he was chairman of the school committee. For nearly forty years he was a trustee of Jlonson Academy. While in Portland, he belonged to cor[)orations of Bangor Theological Seminary and of (iorham Academy. The last year of his life he was elected to the ^Massachusetts House of Hepresentatives, and was named a member of the joint committee on the License Law, before which he read a paper on the subject. He died at Palmer, Feb. 21, 18GD. See Cong. Qiiar. 1870, p. 1.
Vaill, "William To-wler, a Congregational min- ister, the son of Rev. Joseph and the father of the Rev. Thomas Scott Vaill, was born at Hadlyme, Conn., June 7, 1783. He was prepared for college by his father, and, mainly by his own exertions, supported himself at Yale College, where he graduated in 1806. He studied the- ology with Rev. Asahel Hooker, was licensed to preach in 1808, and for twelve years was pastor at North Cuil- ford, Conn. In 1820 he was appointed by the United Foreign Missionary Society superintendent of a mission among the Osage Indians, then occupying the Arkansas country, where, amid trials and hardship, hope and fear, lie labored fourteen years, or until the abandonment of the mission on account of the removal of the Indians farther west. He returned to New England, where he preached in various places, until he accepted a commis- sion from the Home Jlissionarj' Society of Connecticut as missionary to Illinois. He at once went to Wethers- tield. 111., where he was pastor seven years, and where for twenty-seven years he made his headquarters for constant and faithful missionary toil. He died with the harness on at Wetherstield, Feb. 24, 1805. Mr. Vaill loved his work intensely, and his ardent piety carried him forward in it in labors most exhausting. See Cong. Qiiar. 18G5, p. 422.
Vaillant, Walleuant, a Flemish painter and en- graver, who was born at Lisle in 1623, and died at Am- sterdam in 1677, is the author of saveral prints of sacred siilijects from various masters, for which see Spooner, Bi.f/. Diet, of the Fine Arts, s. v.
Vainglory. See Vani rv.
Vairagis is a Hindii term denoting persons devoid of passicin, and applied to all religious mendicants who jimfess to have separated themselves from the interests and emotions of the world. It is used in particular to designate the mendicant Vaishnuvas (q. v.) of the Ra- iiianaiida class.
Vaiseshika is the name of one of the two great divisions of tlie Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy, agreeing with the Nyaya itself in its analytical method of treating the subjects of human research, but differing
from it in the arrangement of its topics, and in its doc- trine of atomic individualities, or ri.teslni.% from which the name is derived. Kanada (kiina, minute, and ado, eating) is the reputed founder of the scliool, although nothing is known as to his history or date. He ar- ranges the subject-matter of his works under six pttdar- ihas, or topics, as follows: (1) substance, (2) quality, (3) action, (4) generality, (5) atomic individuality, and (6) coinherence. Later writers of the school add to these a seventh, viz. non-existence. According to this sys- tem, understanding is the quality of soul, and the instru- ments of right notion (knowledge from the contact of sense with its object, and inference) are treated of under the head o{ buddki, or understanding. See Bibliotlieca Imlica (Calcutta, 1850); Colebrooke, J/isceW. Kmiys (Lond. 1837), vol. i; Muller [Max], in Zeitschrift der dentschen mon/eul. Gescllschaft.
Vaishnavas is tlie name of one of the three great divisions of Hindu sects, designating the worslrtppers of Vishnu, from which the word is derived. The com- mon liidv of all the sects comprised under this name is their belief in the supremacy of Vishnu over the gods Brahma and Siva. Their difference consists in the character which they assign to this supremacy, and to the god Vishnu himself, in their religious and other practices, and in their sectarian marks. The following are some of the principal sects of the Vaishnavas: